Joint neutrino oscillation analysis from the T2K and NOvA experiments

作者：S. Abubakar, M. A. Acero, B. S. Acharya, P. Adamson, Н. Анфимов, A. Antoshkin, E. Arrieta-Diaz, L. Asquith, Adam Aurisano, Daniela Azevedo, H.O. Back, N. Balashov, Pierre Baldi, Bindu A. Bambah, E. F. Bannister, A. Barros, Austin Baty, K. Bays, R. Bernstein, T. J. C. Bezerra, V. Bhatnagar, B. Bhuyan, J. Bian, A. C. Booth, R. Bowles, B. Brahma, C. Bromberg, N. Buchanan, A. Butkevich, S. Calvez, Jose Miguel Carceller, T. J. Carroll, E. Catano-Mur, J. P. Cesar, R. Chirco, B. C. Choudhary, Allie Christensen, M. F. Cicala, T. E. Coan, T. Contreras, A. Cooleybeck, D. Coveyou, L. Cremonesi, G. S. Davies, P. F. Derwent, P. F. Ding, Z. Djurcic, Kerry Dobbs, M. Dolce, David Duenas Tonguino, E. C. Dukes, Andrew Dye, R. Ehrlich, Erin Ewart, Peter Filip, M. J. Frank, Hugh R. Gallagher, Anjan Kumar Giri, Ricardo Avelino Gomes, M. C. Goodman, R. Group, Alec Habig, F. Hakl, J. Hartnell, Robert Hatcher, J. M. Hays, M. He, K. Heller, V. Hewes, A. Himmel, Tyler Horoho, A. Ivanova, B. Jargowsky, I. Kakorin, A. Kalitkina, D. M. Kaplan, Afrina Khanam, Burcu Kirezli, J. Kleykamp, O. Klimov, L. W. Koerner, L. Kolupaeva, Robert Kralik, Ajay Kumar, C. D. Kuruppu, V. Kus, T. Lackey, K. Lang, P. Lasorak, J. Lesmeister, Adam Lister, Jinzhi Liu, James A. Lock, M. MacMahon, S. Magill, W. A. Mann, M. T. Manoharan, M. Manrique Plata, M. L. Marshak, M. Martinez-Casales, V. Matveev, B. Mehta, M. D. Messier, H. Meyer, T. Miao, W. H. Miller, S. R. Mishra, R. Mohanta, A. Moren, A. Morozova, W. Mu, Leon Mualem, M. Muether, K. Mulder, D. MYERS, D. Naples, S. Nelleri, J. K. Nelson, R.J. Nichol, E. Niner, A. Norman, A. Norrick, Hoonjung Oh, A. Olshevskiy, Timothy S. Olson, Mustafa Ozkaynak, Arnab Kumar Pal, Jonathan M. Paley, L. Panda, Ryan B. Patterson, Greg Pawloski, R. Petti, Robert K. Plunkett, Joshua Porter, L. R. Prais, A. Rafique, V. Raj, M. Rajaoalisoa, B. Ramson, B. Rebel, Elias Robles, P. Roy, Oleg B. Samoylov, Mayly C. Sanchez, Sebastián Sánchez Falero, P. Shanahan, P. Sharma, A. Sheshukov, Shivam, А. Н. Шмаков, Wilf Shorrock, S. Shukla, I. Singh, Prabhjot Singh, V. Singh, S. S. Chhibra, Dinesh Kumar Singha, A. Smith, J. Smolík, PAVEL SNOPOK, N. Solomey, A. Sousa, K. Soustružnı́k, M. Strait, L. Suter, Andrew T.C. Sutton, S. K. Swain, C. Sweeney, Artur A. Sztuc, N. Talukdar, Petr Tas, T. Thakore, Jennifer Thomas, E. Tiras, Michael S. Titus, Y. Torun, Daniel Q. Tran, J. Trokan-Tenorio, J. Urheim, P. Vahle, Z. Vallari, K. J. Vockerodt, A. V. Waldron, M. Wallbank, T. K. Warburton, Carl Maria von Weber, M. Wetstein, D. Whittington, D. A. Wickremasinghe, J. Wolcott, S. Wu, Wenjie Wu, Wenjie Wu, Y. Xiao, B. Yaeggy, A. Yahaya, A. Yankelevich, K. Yonehara, S. Zadorozhnyy, J. Zalesak, R. Zwaska, Kazuki ABE, S. Abe, H. Adhkary, R. Akutsu, H. Alarakia-Charles, Y. I. Alj Hakim, S. Alonso Monsalve, L. Anthony, S. Aoki, K. A. Apte, T. Arai, Takuji Arihara, S. Arimoto, Y. Ashida, E. T. Atkin, Nagumothu Kishore Babu, V. A. Baranov, Gareth J. Barker, G.D. Barr, Daniel Louis Barrow, Paul Bates, L. Bathe-Peters, M. Batkiewicz, N. Baudis, V. Berardi, L. Berns, S. Bhattacharjee, Adrien Blanchet, A. Blondel, P. M. M. Boistier, S. Bolognesi, S. Bordoni, S. B. Boyd, C. Bronner, Arkadiusz Bubak, M. Buizza Avanzini, J. A. Caballero, F. Cadoux, Nicola Fulvio Calabria, S. Cao, S. Cap, D. Carabadjac, S. L. Cartwright, M. P. Casado, M. G. Catanesi, J. Chakrani, Anne Chalumeau, D. Cherdack, A. Chvirova, J. P. Coleman, G. Collazuol, F Cormier, A. A. L. Craplet, A. Cudd, D. D’Ago, C. Dalmazzone, T. Daret, Prokar Dasgupta, C. L. Davis, Yu. I. Davydov, P de Perio, G. De Rosa, T. Dealtry, Christopher Densham, A. Dergacheva, Rajat Banerjee, Francesca Di Lodovico, G. Lopez, S. Dolan, D. Douqa, T. A. Doyle, O. Drapier, K. E. Duffy, J. Dumarchez, Patrick M. Dunne, K. Dygnarowicz, A. Eguchi, J. E. Elias, S. Emery-Schrenk, Gleb Erofeev, A. Ershova, G. Eurin, D. Fedorova, S. Fedotov, M. Feltre, L. Feng, D. Ferlewicz, A.J. Finch, M. D. Fitton, C. Forza, M. Friend, Y. Fujii, Y. Fukuda, Yasumi Furui, J. García-Marcos, A. C. Germer, L. Giannessi, C. Giganti, M Girgus, V. Glagolev, M. Gonin, R. González-Jiménez, J. González Rosa, E. A. G. Goodman, K. Gorshanov, Perumal Govindaraj, Marco Grassi, M. Guigue, Flynn Guo, D. R. Hadley, S. Han, Deborah A. Harris, Robert J. Harris, T. Hasegawa, Ciaran Hasnip, S. Hassani, N. C. Hastings, Y. Hayato, I. Heitkamp, D. Henaff, Y. Hino, J. Holeczek, A. Holin, T. Holvey, N. T. Hong Van, Takashi Honjo, M. C. F. Hooft, K. Hosokawa, Jun Hu, A. K. Ichikawa, K. Ieki, M. Ikeda, T.H. Ishida, M. Ishitsuka, A. Izmaylov, N. Jachowicz, S. J. Jenkins, C. Jesús-Valls, Meng Jia, Jing Jiang, Julie Y. Ji, Thomas Peter Jones, P. Jonsson, S.C. Joshi, C. K. Jung, M. Kabirnezhad, A. C. Kaboth, H. Kakuno, J. Kameda, S. A. Karpova, V. S. Kasturi, Y. Kataoka, T. Katori, Yuta Kawamura, M. Kawaue, E. Kearns, M. Khabibullin, A. Khotjantsev, T. Kikawa, S. King, V. Kiseeva, John B. Kisiel, A. Klustová, L. Kneale, H. Kobayashi, L. Koch, S. Kodama, M. A. Kolupanova, A. Konaka, L. L. Kormos, Y. Koshio, K. Kowalik, Yuri Kudenko, Y. Kudo, Abhay Kumar Jha, Robert Kurjata, V. Kurochka, T. Kutter, L. Labarga, Mario Louis Lachat, K. Lachner, J. Lagoda, S. Mohan Lakshmi, Menai Lamers James, A. Langella, David Langridge, J. F. Laporte, D. Last, N Latham, Marco Laveder, L. Lavitola, Matthew Lawe, D. Leon Silverio, S. Levorato, Stefanie Lewis, Botao Li, C. Lin, R. P. Litchfield, S. L. Liu, W. Li, A. Longhin, A. Lopez Moreno, L Ludovici, X.-G. Lu, T. Lux, Lucas Nascimento Machado, Lorenzo Magaletti, Kendall Mahn, K. K. Mahtani, M. Mandal, S. Manly, A. D. Marino, Dirk Martin, D. A. Martínez Caicedo, Lluisa Maria Mir Martinez, M. Martini, T. Matsubara, R. Matsumoto, V. Matveev, C. Mauger, K. Mavrokoridis, N. McCauley, Kevin S. McFarland, Clark McGrew, J. P. McKean, Alexander Mefodiev, Guillermo D. Megias, Lucile Mellet, C. Metelko, M. Mezzetto, S. Miki, V. Mikola, E. W. Miller, A. Minamino, O. Mineev, S. Mine, J. Mirabito, M. Miura, S. Moriyama, S. Moriyama, P. Morrison, Th. A. Mueller, D. Munford, Alfonso Muñoz, Laura-Iuliana Munteanu, Yoshikazu Nagai, T. Nakadaira, K. Nakagiri, M. Nakahata, Y. Nakajima, Kiseki D. Nakamura, Y. Nakano, S. Nakayama, T. Nakaya, K. Nakayoshi, C. E. R. Naseby, Doan Trang Nguyen, V.Q Nguyen, K. Niewczas, S Nishimori, Y. Nishimura, Yuji Noguchi, T. Nosek, F. Nova, J. C. Nugent, H. M. O’Keeffe, L. O’Sullivan, Ryuji Okazaki, W. Okinaga, K. Okumura, T. Okusawa, Nobuhiko Onda, N. Ospina, L. Osu, Y. Oyama, V. Paolone, J. Pasternak, D. Payne, Tim Peacock, Michael Pfaff, L. Pickering, Boris A. Popov, A. J. Portocarrero Yrey, Magdalena Posiadała-Zezula, Y. S. Prabhu, Hari Prasad, F. Pupilli, B. Quilain, Phan T. Quyen, E. Radicioni, B. Radics, M. A. Ramírez, Richard Thomas Ramsden, P. N. Ratoff, M. Reh, G. Anthony Reina, Ciro Riccio, David S. Riley, E. Rondio, Stefan Roth, Niloy Roy, A. Rubbia, L. Russo, Andrzej Rychter, W. Saenz, K. Sakashita, S. Samani, F. Sánchez, E. M. Sandford, Yoshiki J. Sato, T. Schefke, C. M. Schloesser, K. Scholberg, M. Scott, Y. Seiya, T. Sekiguchi, H. Sekiya, Takao Sekiya, D. Seppala, D. Sgalaberna, A. Shaikhiev, M. Shiozawa, Y. Shiraishi, A. Shvartsman, N. Skrobova, K. Skwarczynski, D. Smyczek, M. B. SMY, Jan T. Sobczyk, H. Sobel, F. J. P. Soler, A. J. Speers, R. Spina, Ajit Mohan Srivastava, P. Stowell, Y. Stroke, I. A. Suslov, A. Suzuki, S. Y. Suzuki, M. Tada, S. Tairafune, A. Takeda, A. Teklu, Y. Takeuchi, H. K. Tanaka, H. Tanigawa, V.V. Tereshchenko, N. Thamm, C. Touramanis, Nam Mai Hoai Tran, T. Tsukamoto, M. Tzanov, Y. Uchida, Mark R. Vagins, M Varghese, I.I. Vasilyev, G. Vasseur, E. Villa, U. Virginet, T. Vladisavljevic, T. Wachala, Daisuke Wakabayashi, H. T. Wallace, John G. Walsh, L. Wan, D. Wark, M. O. Wascko, Alfons Weber, R. Wendell, Michael Wilking, C. Wilkinson, J. R. Wilson, K. Wood, Clarence Wret, Jingkai Xia, K. Yamamoto, Tokonatsu Yamamoto, C. Yanagisawa, Y. F. Yang, T. Yano, N. Yershov, U. Yevarouskaya, M. Yokoyama, Y Yoshimoto, Nagamitsu Yoshimura, R. Zaki, Agnieszka Zalewska, J. Zalipska, G. Zarnecki, J. Zhang, Xingyu Zhao, Hua Zheng, H. Zhong, Taiyu Zhu, Marcin Ziembicki, E. D. Zimmerman, M. Zito, S. Zsoldos · 发表于：Nature · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1038/s41586-025-09599-3 · 被引用次数：25 · 研究领域：Neutrino Physics Research、Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena、Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies

Abstract The landmark discovery that neutrinos have mass and can change type (or flavour) as they propagate—a process called neutrino oscillation 1–6 —has opened up a rich array of theoretical and experimental questions being actively pursued today. Neutrino oscillation remains the most powerful experimental tool for addressing many of these questions, including whether neutrinos violate charge-parity (CP) symmetry, which has possible connections to the unexplained preponderance of matter over antimatter in the Universe 7–11 . Oscillation measurements also probe the mass-squared differences between the different neutrino mass states (Δ m 2 ), whether there are two light states and a heavier one (normal ordering) or vice versa (inverted ordering), and the structure of neutrino mass and flavour mixing 12 . Here we carry out the first joint analysis of datasets from NOvA 13 and T2K 14 , the two currently operating long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments (hundreds of kilometres of neutrino travel distance), taking advantage of our complementary experimental designs and setting new constraints on several neutrino sector parameters. This analysis provides new precision on the $$\Delta {m}_{32}^{2}$$ Δ m 32 2 mass difference, finding $$2.4{3}_{-0.03}^{+0.04}\times 1{0}^{-3}\,{{\rm{eV}}}^{2}$$ 2.4 3 − 0.03 + 0.04 × 1 0 − 3 eV 2 in the normal ordering and $$-2.4{8}_{-0.04...