Global, regional, and national sepsis incidence and mortality, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis

作者：Authia P Gray, Erin Chung, Rebecca Hsu, Daniel T Araki, Anna Gershberg Hayoon, Nicole Davis Weaver, Lucien R Swetschinski, Eve E Wool, Chieh Han, Tomislav Meštrović, Kevin S Ikuta, Nasir Abbas, Madineh Abbasi, Samar Abd ElHafeez, Wakgari Mosisa Abdisa, Meriem Abdoun, Auwal Abdullahi, Mesfin Abebe, Asrat Agalu Abejew, Alemwork Abie, Hassan Abolhassani, Hana J Abukhadijah, Meshack Achore, Lisa C. Adams, Kamoru A. Adedokun, Ridwan Olamilekan Adesola, Usha Adiga, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi, Williams Agyemang‐Duah, Mahsa Ahadi, Aqeel Ahmad, G Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Meqdad Saleh Ahmed, Syed Anees Ahmed, Ema Akter, Amani N. Alansari, Mohammed ALBashtawy, Shereen M. Aleidi, Fentahun Alemnew, Abdelazeem M. Algammal, Fahad A. Alhumaydhi, Mohammed Usman Ali, Rafat Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Montaha Al‐Iede, Samah W. Al‐Jabi, Sabah Al-Marwani, Hasan Y. Alniss, Mohammad R. Alosta, Mohammad R Alqudimat, Ahmad R. Al‐Qudimat, Ahmad Alrawashdeh, Intima Alrimawi, Sahel Majed Alrousan, Najim Z. Alshahrani, Nelson Alvis‐Guzmán, Yaser Mohammed Al‐Worafi, Hany Aly, Md. Akib Al‐Zubayer, Filippos Anagnostakis, Saeid Anvari, Razique Anwer, Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor, Mahwish Arooj, Nurila Aryntayeva, Tahira Ashraf, Zelalem Asmare, Redeat Libanos Assefa, Alok Atreya, J. Atta, Avinash Aujayeb, Ali Azargoonjahromi, Sadat Abdulla Aziz, Domenico Azzolino, Alaa Aboelnour Badran, Senthilkumar Balakrishnan, Wondu Feyisa Balcha, Rajon Banik, Simachew Animen Bante, Hiba Jawdat Barqawi, Amadou Barrow, Zarrin Basharat, Quique Bassat, Mohammad‐Mahdi Bastan, Abdul‐Monim Batiha, Matteo Bauckneht, Asnake Gashaw Belayneh, Gokce Belge Bilgin, Umar Muhammad Bello, Habib Benzian, Abiye Assefa Berihun, Nikha Bhardwaj, Ashish Bhargava, Sonu Bhaskar, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Ahmad Naoras Bitar, Hamed Borhany, Mina Borran, Souad Bouaoud, Linh Phuong Bui, Felix Busch, Yasser Bustanji, Luis Alberto Cámera, Angelo Capodici, Chiranjib Chakraborty, Chikondi Chapuma, Akhilanand Chaurasia, Hana Chen, Bryan Chong, Hitesh Chopra, Sonali G Choudhari, Dinh‐Toi Chu, Muhammad Chutiyami, Claudia Cosma, Natália Martins, Ali Dabbagh, Xiaochen Dai, Lucio D’Anna, Dimash Davletov, Aniket Dehadrai, Hardik Dineshbhai Desai, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan Devanbu, Narender K Dhania, Sameer Dhingra, Marcello Di Pumpo, Sushil Dohare, Mario D’Oria, Fariba Dorostkar, Robert Kokou Dowou, Menayit Tamrat Dresse, Hisham Atan Edinur, Ashkan Eighaei Sedeh, Temitope Cyrus Ekundayo, Rabie Adel El Arab, Marwa Eldegwi, Muhammed Elhadi, Sherif Elkannishy, Mohamed Hassan Elnaem, Mohammed Elshaer, Ibrahim Elsohaby, Chadi Eltaha, Amir Emami Zeydi, Fahima Nasrin Eva, Heidar Fadavian, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Syed Muhammad Yousaf Farooq, Rana Farsakoury, Timur Fazylov, Ginenus Fekadu, Ulrich Membe Femoe, Carolin Fleischmann-Struzek, Behzad Foroutan, Matteo Foschi, Muktar A Gadanya, Márió Gajdács, Balasankar Ganesan, David García‐Azorín, Jacopo Garlasco, Rupesh K. Gautam, Feven Sahle Gebre, Teferi Gebru Gebremeskel, Nsikakabasi Samuel George, Kalab Yigermal Gete, Kazem Ghaffari, Omid Ghamarnejad, Lobna Gharaibeh, Sama Ghoba, Ali Gholamrezanezhad, Artyom Gil, Alessandro Girombelli, Davide Golinelli, Melika Golmohammadi, Ayman Grada, Giovanni Guarducci, Mesay Dechasa, Amit Gulati, Damitha Asanga Gunawardane, Anish Kumar Gupta, Roberth Steven Gutiérrez-Murillo, Tesfahun Simon Hadaro, Hassen Mosa Halil, Zitta Barrella Harboe, Md. Kamrul Hasan, Stephen E. Hawes, Simon I Hay, Mehdi Hemmati, Yuta Hiraike, Ramesh Holla, Jon Gitz Holler, Sorin Hostiuc, Vivian Chia‐Rong Hsieh, Junjie Huang, A. M. Hussein, Nawfal R Hussein, Anel Ibrayeva, Adalia Ikiroma, Irena M Ilic, Milena Ilić, Faisal Ismail, Yerlan Ismoldayev, Vikash Jaiswal, Mohamed Jalloh, Javad Javidnia, Seogsong Jeong, Nabi Jomehzadeh, Anupam Jyoti, Ashish Kumar Kakkar, Sanjay Kalra, Manoj Kamal, Samuel Berchi Kankam, Mehrdad Karajizadeh, Tomasz M. Karpiński, Hengameh Kasraei, Fekadu Abera Kebede, Maseer Khan, Haitham Khatatbeh, Moawiah Khatatbeh, Daniel Kheradmand, Atulya Aman Khosla, Sepehr Khosravi, Mahmood Khosrowjerdi, Sakshi Khurana, Kwanghyun Kim, Niranjan Kissoon, Ali‐Asghar Kolahi, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana, James‐Paul Kretchy, Mohammed Kuddus, Ilari Kuitunen, Jogender Kumar, Sanjay Kirshan Kumar, Tushar Kumar, Vijay Kumar, Satyajit Kundu, Аlmagul Kurmanova, Krishna Prasad Kurpad, Ville Kytö, Hanpeng Lai, Balzhan Lakanova, Iván Landires, Hang Tran Thi Le, Caterina Ledda, Vasileios Leivaditis, Jialing Lin, Vincent Liu, Erand Llanaj, Jailos Lubinda, Giancarlo Lucchetti, Miltiadis D. Lytras, Ellina Lytvyak, Kevin Sheng-Kai Ma, Mahmoud Mabrok, Nozad Hussein Mahmood, Abdelrahman M Makram, Kamaruddeen Mannethodi, Shaista Manzoor, Hamed Markazi Moghadam, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins‐Melo, Roy Rillera Marzo, Sammer Marzouk, Yasith Mathangasinghe, Suleiman Mayaki, Subhash Mehto, Godfred Antony Menezes, Leweyehu Alemaw Mengstie, Sachith Mettananda, Taj Mohammad, Abdolreza Mohammadi, Ibrahim Mohammadzadeh, Syam Mohan, Amin Mohsenzadeh, Ali H. Mokdad, Amirabbas Mollaei, Lorenzo Monasta, Mohammad Ali Moni, Mahmoud M Morsy, Kimia Mozahheb Yousefi, Sileshi Mulatu, Francesk Mulita, Christopher J L Murray, Sani Musa, Ali Mushtaq, Ghulam Mustafa, Sathish Muthu, L Naga Rajeev, Pirouz Naghavi, Hiten Naik, Hastyar Hama Rashid Najmuldeen, Abdulqadir J. Nashwan, Mahmoud Nassar, Athare Nazri-Panjaki, Amanuel Tebabal Nega, Ionuţ Negoi, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Samata Nepal, Henok Biresaw Netsere, Jean Claude Semuto Ngabonziza, Nasrin Nikravangolsefid, Syed Toukir Ahmed Noor, Chisom Adaobi Nri-Ezedi, Felix Kwasi Nyande, Bogdan Oancea, Sylvester Reuben Okeke, Olalekan John Okesanya, Abdulhakeem Abayomi Olorukooba, Bolajoko O. Olusanya, Chizaram Onyeaghala, Marcel Opitz, Esteban Ortiz‐Prado, Augustus Osborne, Elham H. Othman, Oche Joseph Otorkpa, Amel Ouyahia, Irene Amoakoh Owusu, Tope Oyelade, Tamás Palicz, Sujogya Kumar Panda, Ioannis Pantazopoulos, Utsav Parekh, Seyedeh Yasamin Parvar, Maja Pasovic, Roberto Passera, SV Patil, Dimitrios Patoulias, Shubhadarshini Pawar, Nilanka Perera, Ionela-Roxana Petcu, Hoang Nhat Pham, Edoardo Pirera, Dimitri Poddighe, Ramesh Poluru, Farzad Pourghazi, Jagadeesh Puvvula, Muhammad Usman Qamar, Nameer Hashim Qasim, Gangzhen Qian, Navid Rabiee, Fryad Majeed Rahman, Hakim Rahmoune, Diego Raimondo, Erta Rajabi, Mahmoud M. Ramadan, C. Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran Ramasamy, Adrienne G. Randolph, Fatemeh Ranjbar Noei, Sowmya J Rao, Devarajan Rathish, David Laith Rawaf, Luis Felipe Reyes, Mohsen Rezaeian, Gisela Robles Aguilar, Jefferson Antonio Buendía, Leonardo Roever, Ravi Rohilla, Moustaq Karim Khan Rony, Emily Rosenblad, Himanshu Sekhar Rout, Aly M A Saad, Mohamed Saad, Mοhd Saeed, Umar Saeed, Nondo Saha, Pragyan Monalisa Sahoo, Morteza Saki, Luciane Bresciani Salaroli, Yoseph Leonardo Samodra, Babak Saravi, Gargi S. Sarode, Sachin C. Sarode, Benn Sartorius, Brijesh Sathian, Reza Sattarpour, Juhi Saxena, Md. Abu Sayeed, Chrıstophe Schınckus, Austin E Schumacher, Pallav Sengupta, Dragoş Şerban, Abebaw B Seyoum, Muhammad Shahab, Fatemeh Shahrahmani, Moyad Shahwan, Alireza Shakeri, Sadia Shakoor, Mohammad Ali Shamshirgaran, Dan Shan, Amin Sharifan, Javad Sharifi‐Rad, Vishal Sharma, Rajesh P. Shastry, Ramzi Shawahna, Mahabalesh Shetty, Aminu Shittu, Velizar Shivarov, Sina Shool, Colin R Simpson, Harmanjit Singh, Kalpana Singh, Puneetpal Singh, Surendra Singh, Ratnesh Sinha, Dagne Feleke Siyoum, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Ahmed M. Soliman, May Mohamed Sherif Soliman, Noha Salah Soliman, Soroush Soraneh, Bahadar S. Srichawla, Devin Bailey Srivastava, Jeffrey D Stanaway, Andy Stergachis, Vetriselvan Subramaniyan, Auwal Garba Suleiman, Jing Sun, Łukasz Szarpak, Jhalok Ronjan Talukdar, Jacques Lukenze Tamuzi, Ker‐Kan Tan, Mohamad‐Hani Temsah, Pugazhenthan Thangaraju, Lakshmi Thangavelu, Mahalakshmi Thayumana Sundaram, Jansje Henny Vera Ticoalu, Tenaw Yimer Tiruye, Madi Tleshev, Sojit Tomo, Marcos Roberto Tovani‐Palone, Quynh Thuy Huong Tran, Thang Huu Tran, Nguyen Tran Minh Duc, Lawrence Sena Tuglo, Saeed Ullah, Umar Muhammad Umar, Era Upadhyay, Jibrin Sammani Usman, Hande Uzunçıbuk, Asokan Govindaraj Vaithinathan, Balasubramanian Venkatesh, Anjul Verma, Massimiliano Veroux, Georgios‐Ioannis Verras, Jorge Hugo Villafañe, Leonardo Villani, Giuseppe Vizzielli, Yasir Waheed, Yanzhong Wang, T. Eoin West, Anggi Lukman Wicaksana, Dakshitha Praneeth Wickramasinghe, Wireko Andrew Awuah, Mukesh Yadav, Vikas Yadav, Yuichi Yasufuku, Sanni Yaya, Pengpeng Ye, Saber Yezli, Dehui Yin, Dong Keon Yon, Deniz Yüce, Manijeh Zaghampour, Fathiah Zakham, Giulia Zamagni, Nelson Zamora, Михаил Сергеевич Застрожин, David X. Zheng, Abzal Zhumagaliuly, Alimuddin Zumla, Sa’ed H. Zyoud, Mohsen Naghavi · 发表于：The Lancet Global Health · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/s2214-109x(25)00356-0 · 被引用次数：154 · 研究领域：Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment、Immune Response and Inflammation、Intensive Care Unit Cognitive Disorders

BACKGROUND: The global burden of sepsis, a life-threatening dysregulated host response to infection leading to organ dysfunction, remains challenging to quantify. We aimed to comprehensively estimate the global, regional, and national burden of sepsis, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and underlying causes of sepsis-related deaths with co-occurring infectious syndromes. METHODS: We used multiple cause-of-death, hospital, minimally invasive tissue sampling, and linked death certificate and hospital record data representing 149 million deaths, covering 4290 location-years with mortality estimates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 to capture explicit and implicit sepsis cases and deaths. We estimated age-location-sex-specific fractions of sepsis-related deaths from 195 underlying causes of death and 22 infectious syndromes from 1990 to 2021 using binomial logistic regression models, and estimated sepsis-related deaths using GBD cause-specific mortality estimates. Using 250 million hospital admissions and 7·82 million deaths from hospital data, representing 1310 location-years, we modelled case fatality rates by use of binomial logistic regression, applied to sepsis death estimates to estimate sepsis incidence by age, location, and year. FINDINGS: In 2021, we estimated 166 million (95% uncertainty interval 135-201) sepsis cases and 21·4 million (20·3-22·5) all-cause sepsis-related deaths globally, representing 31·5% of to...