Burning Mouth Syndrome: Unraveling Multifactorial Etiologies and Advancing Management Strategies

作者：Jiu Lin, Jiamin Wan, Tingfeng Zha, Zihao Wei, Yuzhen Du, Xiaoyan Chen, Xinyi Fang, Qianming Chen · 发表于：Oral Diseases · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1111/odi.70116 · 被引用次数：5 · 研究领域：Salivary Gland Disorders and Functions、Glycogen Storage Diseases and Myoclonus、Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research

OBJECTIVES: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic pain disorder with a multifactorial etiology. This review synthesizes key systemic, local, and psychological factors contributing to its etiology and explores emerging etiological mechanisms to provide a comprehensive understanding of BMS. METHODS: Relevant literature on the pathophysiology and management of BMS was retrieved from major medical databases, including PubMed and Web of Science. RESULTS: The etiology of BMS involves complex interactions among neurological, hormonal, and psychological factors. Key contributors include peripheral neuropathy, laryngopharyngeal reflux, hormonal and salivary alterations, and psychological or psychiatric factors. Emerging evidence suggests additional roles for neuroendocrine dysfunction, circadian rhythm disturbances, and microbiota dysbiosis. However, the precise mechanisms remain inadequately understood. CONCLUSIONS: BMS remains a challenging condition requiring a multidisciplinary management approach. Current treatment strategies incorporate pharmacological interventions, physical therapy, and psychological support, tailored to individual patient needs. Further research is essential to refine diagnostic criteria and develop targeted therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcomes.