Speech digital biomarker combined with fluid biomarkers predict cognitive impairment through machine learning

作者：Jintao Wang, Nan Zhi, Gang Xu, Jieli Geng, Jin-Wen Xiao, Haixia Li, Jianping Li, Xinyi Xie, Yaying Song, Wenwei Cao, Ru‐Jing Ren, Gang Wang · 发表于：Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1186/s13195-025-01877-6 · 被引用次数：8 · 研究领域：Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research、Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism、Voice and Speech Disorders

BACKGROUND: Current methods for the early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are constrained by high costs, invasiveness, and limited accessibility, underscoring the urgent need for alternative approaches that are accessible, affordable, and patient-friendly. Previous research has identified speech analysis as a promising tool for the early diagnosis of cognitive impairment (CI). However, the correlation between speech tests and underlying pathology remains undetermined or even obscure. Its clinical utility still lacks pathological validation. We need to further explore the relationship through large-sample analysis and further construct models that can diagnose CIf. METHODS: 1223 participants including probable AD or AD (n = 238), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) (n = 461) and cognitively unimpaired (CU) (n = 524) were recruited. The participants underwent neuropsychological tests, speech recordings of the "cookie-theft" task, serum biomarker quantification, APOE genotyping, and part of them underwent Aβ PET imaging. Partial Correlation Analysis and LOWESS were used to explore the correlation between speech digital biomarkers and other core AD biomarkers. Finally, machine learning such as XGBoost and Logistic regression were used for constructing the most cost-effective models for CI and Aβ status, leveraging SHAP values for screening. RESULTS: Significant differences in AD biomarkers were observed among different groups. Notably, the speech digital biomarker per...