Activity-dependent modulation of glutamate, glutamine and glutathione in first-episode schizophrenia: A 7T functional MRS study

作者：Peter Jeon, Michael Mackinley, Kara Dempster, Sabrina D. Ford, Jean Théberge, Lena Palaniyappan · 发表于：Schizophrenia Research · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.schres.2025.10.008 · 被引用次数：2 · 研究领域：Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications、Tryptophan and brain disorders、Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies

BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS: Glutamatergic abnormalities have been implicated as an important component of schizophrenia symptoms. Functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (fMRS) has emerged as a strong candidate for making dynamic observations of neurometabolites, overcoming the challenges of single-state observations in traditional magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies. To date, dynamic measurements of glutathione have not been presented in patients in the early stages of schizophrenia. STUDY DESIGN: Dynamic glutamate, glutamine, and glutathione concentrations were quantified from the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex of 33 first-episode schizophrenia and 23 healthy control volunteers. A four-block 7 T fMRS paradigm was employed using the color-word Stroop task as the cognitive demand. Non-baseline blocks were also normalized relative to the baseline block for metabolite percentage change observations. STUDY RESULTS: ANOVA revealed significant effects of time, metabolite and time x diagnosis x metabolite. Activation and prolonged elevation of glutathione in response to the cognitive stimuli were observed in healthy controls but only glutamate effects were notable in first-episode schizophrenia. Significantly lower glutamate concentrations during the second recovery blocks in both groups compared to their baseline glutamate levels. Normalized glutamate levels revealed a positive correlation between the recovery 2 block and both PANSS-8 Positive and PANSS-8 General scores. C...