Stimulant Use Disorder Diagnoses in Adolescent and Young Adult Medicaid Enrollees

作者：Greta Bushnell, Katherine M. Keyes, Yuyang Zhu, Magdalena Cerdá, Tobias Gerhard, Deborah S. Hasin, Alicia Iizuka, Kristen Lloyd, Hillary Samples, Mark Olfson · 发表于：JAMA Psychiatry · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2025.2864 · 被引用次数：3 · 研究领域：Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis、Opioid Use Disorder Treatment、Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Importance: There has been a national increase in fatal and nonfatal overdoses involving stimulants, and 4.5 million US individuals meet criteria for stimulant use disorder (UD), with the highest prevalence in young adults. However, limited information exists on trends in diagnosed stimulant UD. Objective: To estimate trends in the proportion of adolescent and young adult Medicaid enrollees diagnosed with a stimulant UD from 2001 to 2020. Design, Setting, and Participants: A repeated cross-sectional study (2001-2020) was conducted using administrative health care claims data from Medicaid (public insurance program in US). Publicly insured adolescents (aged 13-17 years) and young adults (aged 18-24 or 25-29 years) from 42 US states were included. Data were analyzed from January 2025 to July 2025. Main Outcomes and Measures: Stimulant UD was defined as an inpatient or outpatient International Classification of Diseases diagnosis code in the year, with cocaine UD and noncocaine psychostimulant UD evaluated separately. The annual proportion with stimulant UD diagnoses was stratified by age group, sex, race and ethnicity, and presence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis or stimulant prescription in the year. Differences comparing 2001 with 2020 were summarized. Characteristics of those diagnosed with stimulant UD in 2020 were described. Results: The sample included 5.7 million (2001) to 16.1 million Medicaid enrollees (2020) per year; in 2020, 54.2% were f...