International consensuses and guidelines on central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) by the Asia Pacific Vitreo-retina Society (APVRS), the Academy of Asia-Pacific Professors of Ophthalmology (AAPPO) and the Academia Retina Internationalis (ARI)

作者：Nishant Radke, Elon H. C. van Dijk, Richard F. Spaide, Frank G. Holz, Hideki Koizumi, K. Bailey Freund, Yousif Subhi, Clemens Lange, Sumit Randhir Singh, Haoyu Chen, Li Jia Chen, San-Ni Chen, Jay Chhablani, Francine Béhar‐Cohen, Taraprasad Das, Adrian T. Fung, Fumi Gomi, Min Kim, Chi‐Chun Lai, Timothy Y. Y. Lai, Christopher Seungkyu Lee, Andrew Lotery, Sobha Sivaprasad, Mingwei Zhao, Dennis S.C. Lam, Camiel J.F. Boon · 发表于：Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100252 · 被引用次数：9 · 研究领域：Retinal Diseases and Treatments、Retinal Imaging and Analysis、Ocular Diseases and Behçet’s Syndrome

PURPOSE: To establish consensus-based guidelines on the diagnosis, classification, and management of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) through a structured expert panel initiated by the Asia-Pacific Vitreo-retina Society (APVRS), the Academy of Asia-Pacific Professors of Ophthalmology (AAPPO), and the Academia Retina Internationalis (ARI), addressing the existing clinical controversies. METHODS: An international panel of 26 experts from 13 countries collaboratively drafted consensus statements spanning five key areas: disease definition, pathophysiology, investigations, current management, and future developments. Consensus was reached through an iterative Delphi process and anonymous voting using a five-point Likert scale. Statements were accepted when >75 % agreement ('agree' & 'strongly agree') was achieved. RESULTS: Consensus was achieved for all 25 statements, reflecting strong alignment among experts. Key agreements included defining CSC as a pachychoroid-driven chorioretinal disorder characterized by neurosensory retinal and/or RPE detachment, with multimodal imaging (optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence, fluorescein angiography, and indocyanine green angiography) recognized as essential for diagnosis. Half-dose photodynamic therapy (PDT) was unanimously endorsed as the first-line treatment for chronic CSC. Oral mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) lacked consensus for therapeutic benefit, aligning with evidence from the VICI and SPECTRA ...