Impact of education level on complications and mortalities in type 2 diabetes: A UK biobank prospective cohort study

作者：Yunpeng Luo, Xinlong Li, Tianyi Yang, Kehua Zhou, Tong Wang, Ye Zhang, Jukai Huang, Chaoyue Hu, Jiaoyue Li, Qiyao Zhao, Jinlin Dai, Ping Li, Zifan Huang, Gang Wang, Xin He, Xinying Wang, Chunshu Li, Haojie Yang, Yan Liu, Xiaohui Yang · 发表于：BMC Public Health · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1186/s12889-025-24491-5 · 被引用次数：4 · 研究领域：Health disparities and outcomes、Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies、Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

BACKGROUND: Educational attainment is a critical determinant of health outcomes. Lower education levels have been associated with higher mortality and increased risk of chronic diseases in the general population, but its specific impacts on both traditional and non-traditional complications of type 2 diabetes remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the associations between educational attainment and risks of all-cause mortality, traditional complications, and non-traditional complications in a large prospective cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: We analyzed data from the UK Biobank, collected from March 13, 2006, to June 30, 2023. Educational attainment was categorized as college, high school, or less than high school. Primary outcomes included all-cause mortality, traditional complications (e.g., cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, diabetic retinopathy), and non-traditional complications (e.g., cancer, cognitive impairment, liver disease, infections, and affective disorders). Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for sociodemographic, clinical, and diabetes-specific covariates. Sensitivity and interaction analyses were performed to assess robustness and effect modifiers. RESULTS: A total of 23,246 participants with type 2 diabetes (median age 61.0 years [IQR 55.0-65.0], 38.3% women) were included in the final analyses. During a median follow-up of 13.98 years (IQR 13.11-14.86), 5,196 deaths were recorded. ...