VHE γ-ray observations of bright BL Lacs with the Large-Sized Telescope prototype (LST-1) of the CTAO

作者：K. Abe, S. Abe, A. Abhishek, F. Acero, Arnau Aguasca-Cabot, I. Agudo, Cyril Martin Alispach, D. Ambrosino, Filippo Ambrosino, L. A. Antonelli, C. Aramo, Axel Arbet-Engels, Cornelia Arcaro, T. T. H. Arnesen, Katsuaki Asano, P. Aubert, Ali Baktash, Matteo Balbo, Aya Bamba, Andrés Baquero, U. Barres de Almeida, J. A. Barrio, L. Barrios Jiménez, Ivana Batković, J. Baxter, J. Becerra González, E. Bernardini, J. Bernete, A. Berti, Ia. Bezshyiko, C. Bigongiari, E. Bissaldi, O. Blanch, G. Bonnoli, P. Bordas, G. Borkowski, Giulia Brunelli, A. Bulgarelli, M. Bunse, Irene Burelli, L. Burmistrov, M Cardillo, Sami Caroff, A. Carosi, R. Carraro, Marie-Sophie Carrasco, F Cassol, Davide Cerasole, G. Ceribella, A. Cerviño Cortínez, Yating Chai, Katherine C. Cheng, A. Chiavassa, M. Chikawa, G. Chon, L. Chytka, Gloria Maria Cicciari, A. Cifuentes, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, H. Costantini, M. Dalchenko, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, Mathieu de Bony de Lavergne, R. Del Burgo, C Delgado, J. Delgado, Michael Dellaiera, D. della Volpe, B. De Lotto, L. del Peral, Raniere de Menezes, G De Palma, C. Díaz, G Di Marco, Ambra Di Piano, F. Di Pierro, R. Di Tria, L. Di Venere, Rune Michael Dominik, D Dominis Prester, Alice Donini, D. Dorner, M. Doro, Laura Eisenberger, Dominik Elsässer, Gabriel Emery, Juan Escudero, V. Fallah Ramazanı, F. Ferrarotto, A. Fiaßon, L. Foffano, F. Frías García-Lago, Stefan Fröse, Y Fukazawa, S. Gallozzi, R. Garcia López, S. García Soto, C. Gasbarra, D Gasparrini, David Geyer, J. G. Giesbrecht Paiva, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, N. Godinović, T. Gradetzke, R. Grau, D Green, James Green, S. Gunji, Patrick Günther, Jonas Hackfeld, D. Hadasch, A. Hahn, Masahiro Hashizume, T. Hassan, Kohei Hayashi, Lea Heckmann, Matthieu Heller, J. Herrera Llorente, Kouichi Hirotani, D. Hoffmann, D. Horns, Julien Houles, M Hrabovsky, Dario Hrupec, D. Hui, M. Iarlori, Ryo Imazawa, Tomohiro Inada, Yusuke Inome, Susumu Inoue, Kunihito Ioka, M. Iori, T Itokawa, A. Iuliano, J. Jahanvi, Irene Jiménez Martínez, J. Jiménez Quiles, I. Jorge Rodrigo, Jakub Jurýšek, M. Kagaya, O. Kalashev, V. Karas, H. Katagiri, D Kerszberg, Takuto Kiyomoto, Yukiho Kobayashi, Kazunori Kohri, A. K. H. Kong, Paula Kornecki, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, Bastien Lacave, Miguel J. A. Láinez, G. Lamanna, A. Lamastra, L. Lemoigne, M. Linhoff, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, R. López-Coto, M López-Moya, A. López-Oramas, S. Loporchio, A. Lorini, J. J. Lozano Bahilo, F. Lucarelli, H. Luciani, Pedro L. Luque‐Escamilla, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, M. Mallamaci, Dušan Mandát, M. Manganaro, D. K. Maniadakis, Giulio Manicò, K. Mannheim, Stefano Marchesi, F. Marini, M. Mariotti, Patricia Márquez, G. Marsella, J Martí, O. Martı́nez, G Martínez, M. Martı́nez, Alvaro Mas-Aguilar, M. Massa, G. Maurin, D. Mazin, J. Méndez-Gallego, Sreedevi K. Menon, E. Mestre Guillen, Davide Miceli, Tjark Miener, J. M. Miranda, Razmik Mirzoyan, M. Mizote, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Miguel Molero Gonzalez, E. Molina, T. Montaruli, A. Moralejo, Daniel Morcuende, A. Moreno Ramos, A. Morselli, Víctor Moya, H. Muraishi, S. Nagataki, Takeshi Nakamori, A. Neronov, D. Nieto Castaño, M. Nievas Rosillo, L. Nikolić, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, Dalibor Nosek, Vladimír Novotný, S. Nozaki, M. Ohishi, Yoshiki Ohtani, Tomohiko Oka, A. Okumura, R. Orito, L. Orsini, Jorge Otero-Santos, P. Ottanelli, M. Palatiello, Gabriele Panebianco, D. Paneque, F R Pantaleo, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, M. Pech, Mario Pecimotika, M. Peresano, F Pfeifle, E. Pietropaolo, Marine Pihet, G. Pirola, C. Plard, F. Podobnik, M Polo, E. Prandini, Chaitanya Priyadarshi, M. Prouza, S. Rainò, R. Rando, W. Rhode, M. Ribó, V. Rizi, Gonzalo Rodriguez Fernandez, M. D. Rodríguez-Friás, P. Romano, Abhradeep Roy, Arshia Ruina, E. Ruiz-Velasco, T. Saito, S. Sakurai, D. A. Sánchez, Hidetoshi Sano, T. Šarić, Yoshihiro Sato, Francesco Gabriele Saturni, V. Savchenko, F. Schiavone, Bernd Schleicher, Felix Schmuckermaier, J. Schubert, F. Schüßler, T. Schweizer, M. Seglar-Arroyo, Thomas Siegert, Gabriella Silvestri, A. Simongini, J. Sitarek, Vitalii Sliusar, A. Stamerra, Jelena Strišković, M. Strzys, Y. Suda, A Sunny, H. Tajima, Mitsunari Takahashi, J. Takata, Ryuji Takeishi, P. H. T. Tam, Shuta Tanaka, D Tateishi, T. Tavernier, P. Temnikov, Y. Terada, K. Terauchi, T. Terzić, M. Teshima, M. Tluczykont, Fuyuki Tokanai, T. Tomura, D. F. Torres, F. Tramonti, P. Trávnı́ček, G. Tripodo, Antonio Tutone, Martin Vacula, Juliane van Scherpenberg, M. Vázquez Acosta, Sofia Ventura, S. Vercellone, G. Verna, Ilaria Viale, Alessandro Vigliano, C. Vigorito, Elisa Visentin, V. Vitale, V. Voitsekhovskyi, Georgios Gerasimos Voutsinas, Ievgen Vovk, Thomas Vuillaume, R. Walter, L Wan, Martin Will, J Wójtowicz, T. Yamamoto, Ryo Yamazaki, Yuhua Yao, Paul K. H. Yeung, T. Yoshida, T. Yoshikoshi, Wenda Zhang · 发表于：Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1093/mnras/staf1728 · 被引用次数：2 · 研究领域：Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena、Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers、Particle Detector Development and Performance

ABSTRACT Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO) is the next-generation ground-based $\gamma$-ray observatory operating in the energy range from $20\, \mathrm{GeV}$ up to $300\, \mathrm{TeV}$, with two sites in La Palma (Spain) and Paranal (Chile). It will consist of telescopes of three sizes, covering different parts of the large energy range. We report on the performance of Large-Sized Telescope prototype (LST-1) in the detection and characterization of extragalactic $\gamma$-ray sources, with a focus on the reconstructed $\gamma$-ray spectra and variability of classical bright BL Lacertae objects, which were observed during the early commissioning phase of the instrument. LST-1 data from known bright $\gamma$-ray blazars – Markarian 421, Markarian 501, 1ES 1959+650, 1ES 0647+250, and PG 1553 + 113 – were collected between 2020 July 10, and 2022 May 23, covering a zenith angle range of 4$^\circ$ to 57$^\circ$. The reconstructed light curves were analysed using a Bayesian block algorithm to distinguish the different activity phases of each blazar. Simultaneous Fermi-LAT data were utilized to reconstruct the broad-band $\gamma$-ray spectra for the sources during each activity phase. High-level reconstructed data in a format compatible with gammapy are provided together with measured light curves and spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for several bright blazars and an interpretation of the observed variability in long and short time-scales. Simulations of historical fla...