Multi-omics analysis reveals the mechanism of rosemary extract supplementation in increasing milk production in Sanhe dairy cows via the “rumen-serum-milk” metabolic pathway

作者：Zixin Liu, Aoyu Jiang, Zhiwei Kong, Xiaokang Lv, Jiayi Zhang, Jian Wu, Chuanshe Zhou, Zhiliang Tan · 发表于：Animal nutrition · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.aninu.2025.04.017 · 被引用次数：3 · 研究领域：Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research、Lipid metabolism and disorders、Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock

Rosemary extract (RE) has shown potential as a plant-derived feed additive, but its effects on Sanhe dairy cows are still unknown. In this study, 30 multiparous Sanhe dairy cows (days in milk 171 ± 17 days) with similar body condition were randomly divided into two groups: the RE group ( n = 15) was fed the basal diet plus 20 g RE/d, and the CON group ( n = 15) was fed only the basal diet. The experiment lasted for 57 days, including a one-week adaptation period. Compared with the CON group, milk yield ( P = 0.022) increased significantly with RE supplementation, while milk fat ( P = 0.071) also tended to increase. Milk urea nitrogen ( P = 0.003) and serum urea nitrogen ( P = 0.013) contents were significantly reduced in the RE group compared with the CON group. In rumen fermentation, the content of butyric acid ( P = 0.035) in RE group was significantly increased, while valeric acid ( P = 0.080) content had an increasing trend. In addition, RE supplementation improved the antioxidant capacity of Sanhe dairy cows by significantly increasing the serum total antioxidant capacity ( P < 0.001), superoxide dismutase activity ( P = 0.001), immunoglobulin A content ( P < 0.001), and immunoglobulin G content ( P = 0.005), while decreasing serum malondialdehyde content ( P < 0.001), to improve immunity and also affect the composition of serum free amino acids. Metabolomic results showed that a total of 13 co-differential metabolites were identified in rumen and serum, including ursoli...