Extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular diseases: pathogenic mediators, diagnostic tools, and therapeutic vectors

作者：Tianyi Li, Wang Wan, Zilu Qin, Yiling Elaine Chen, Kangjie Zhu, Haoyu Liu, Jing Zhi Sun, Hongpeng Zhong · 发表于：Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3389/fcvm.2025.1666589 · 被引用次数：7 · 研究领域：Extracellular vesicles in disease、MicroRNA in disease regulation、Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the leading global cause of mortality, underscore an urgent need for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs)-lipid-bilayer nanoparticles transporting bioactive cargo (microRNAs, proteins, lipids)-are critical mediators of intercellular communication in CVD pathogenesis. They exhibit functional duality: propagating pathology (inflammation, fibrosis, thrombosis) while facilitating tissue repair. This review synthesizes EV biogenesis mechanisms, isolation methodologies, source-specific functions, and multifaceted roles in atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and stroke. We further evaluate EV-based diagnostic biomarkers, engineered therapeutic applications, clinical translation challenges, and future directions.