Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates on Spring Maize Yield and Soil Nitrogen Balance Under Straw Returning Conditions of Cold Regions

作者：Jinghong Ji, Shuangquan Liu, Xiaoyu Hao, Yufeng Zheng, Yue Zhao, Yuqi Xia, Zhanqiang Xing, Wei Guo · 发表于：Plants · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3390/plants14193087 · 被引用次数：4 · 研究领域：Crop Yield and Soil Fertility、Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics、Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism

Under the condition of straw returning to the field, appropriate nitrogen fertilizer application is one of the key factors used to improve crop yield and ensure environmental safety. Therefore, an experiment with different rates of nitrogen fertilization was conducted with a randomized block design in Harbin, China. The straw was deeply plowed back into the field after harvest in the autumn. The nitrogen application rates were 0, 75, 150, 180, 225, and 300 kg·ha−1. The purpose of this study is to clarify the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer under the condition of straw returning to the field and to provide technical support for high-yield and high-efficiency maize in cold regions. The results indicated that the yield of maize first increased and then stabilized as the amount of nitrogen fertilizer increased, while the economic benefits first increased and then decreased. When the nitrogen application rate exceeds 225 kg·ha−1 or is lower than 150 kg·ha−1, the economic benefits significantly decrease. When high-nitrogen fertilizer rates of 225 kg·ha−1 and 300 kg·ha−1 were applied, the residual nitrate nitrogen in the soil was increased by 2.1 times and 2.3 times, respectively, compared to before sowing. With the increase in the nitrogen application rate, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency and agronomic efficiency decreased, and the apparent nitrogen loss and nitrogen surplus significantly increased. Comprehensively considering the maize yield, benefits, and...