Mycoelectronics: Bioprinted Living Fungal Bioelectronics for Artificial Sensation

作者：Yulu Cai, Caleb Ronders, Vittorio Mottini, Hang Yuan, Kalpana Singh, Liuxi Xing, Iha Singh, Dongchuan Fu, Kyla Zhao, Linux Heller, Khoi Thi Nguyen, Bryce Waller, T.L. Wang, Gregory Bonito, Jinxing Li · 发表于：bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1101/2025.10.06.680560 · 研究领域：Plant and Biological Electrophysiology Studies、Slime Mold and Myxomycetes Research

Abstract The intelligence of the human biological system is enabled by the highly distributed sensing receptors on soft skin that can distinguish various stimulations or environmental cues, thus establishing the fundamental logic of sensing and physiological regulation or response. To replicate biological perception, two approaches have emerged: artificial nervous systems that utilize soft electronics as biomimetic receptors to convert external stimuli into frequency-encoded signals, and biohybrid solutions that integrate living cells, plants, or even live animals with electronic components to decode environmental cues for life-like sensations. However, most current biohybrid approaches for artificial sensation are based on eukaryotic cells, which suffer from slow growth, stringent culture conditions, environmental susceptibility, and short lifespans, thus limiting their integration into practical wearables or robotic sensory skins. Here, we introduce fungi-based printable “ Mycoelectronics ”, which are created by additive bioprinting of living fungal mycelium networks onto stretchable electronics, as a practical living thermo-responsive sensory platform. This Mycoelectronics approach leverages fungi’s capacity for rapid biological responsiveness, cultivability with exponential growth, stability and self-healing in ambient conditions, bioprintability for scalable manufacturing, and mechanical flexibility for seamless integration with soft electronics. Critically, we discovere...