HOMA-AD, inflammation, and adipose tissue dysfunction as key drivers of immunometabolic risk in people living with HIV and type 2 diabetes

作者：Elsa Janneth Anaya-Ambriz, Tania Elisa Holguín-Aguirre, Paula Catalina Méndez-Ríos, Monserrat Álvarez-Zavala, Luz Alicia González-Hernández, Jaime Andrade‐Villanueva, Pedro Martínez-Ayala, Rodolfo Ismael Cabrera-Silva, Karina Sánchez-Reyes · 发表于：Frontiers in Endocrinology · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3389/fendo.2025.1669148 · 被引用次数：4 · 研究领域：HIV-related health complications and treatments、Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases、Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity

Background: The increased life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLWHIV), due to the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy, has been associated with a higher incidence of metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and adipose tissue redistribution. It has been demonstrated that the secretion of adipokines, particularly adiponectin, a key hormone in the regulation of inflammation and metabolism, is altered by these changes. This study it is intended to evaluate the HOMA-AD index and its correlations with metabolic, inflammatory, and obesity-related parameters. Methods: Eighty participants were divided into five groups (PLWHIV, PLWHIV+preT2D, PLWHIV+T2D, PWT2D, and Controls). Clinical history, anthropometric data, and blood samples were collected to assess biochemical parameters. Adiponectin, hs-CRP, IL-6, IL-18, and IL-8 levels were quantified by ELISA. HOMA2-IR, HOMA2-%B, HOMA2-%S, HOMA-AD, and surrogate IR indices (TyG, TyG-BMI, TyG-WHtR, METS-IR, QUICKI) were calculated. Adiposity indices (VAI, DAI) and inflammatory markers (TG/HDL-C, NEU/HDL-C, MON/HDL, PLT/HDL, NLR, PLR) were also evaluated. Analyses were performed using IBM SPSS, GraphPad Prism, and RStudio. Results: The discrimination of T2D in PLWHIV was effectively achieved by the indices HOMA-AD, TyG-WHtR, QUICKI, and METS-IR, with AUC values reaching up to 0.9. Moderate correlations were identified between HOMA-AD and METS-IR (R = 0.58), TyG-WHtR (R = 0.53), QUICKI (R = -0.90), DAI (R = 0.45...