Rapid whole‐brain T 2 * and susceptibility mapping using 3D multiple overlapping‐echo detachment acquisition and missing modality synthesis embedded simulation

作者：Qinqin Yang, L Chen, Nien‐Hui Ge, Jie Chen, Jinyi Yang, Zejun Wu, Chenyang Dai, Shuhui Cai, Zhong Chen, Lijun Bao, Liuhong Zhu, Jianfeng Bao, Congbo Cai · 发表于：Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1002/mrm.70108 · 被引用次数：1 · 研究领域：Functional Brain Connectivity Studies、Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications、Neurological disorders and treatments

Abstract Purpose To develop a 3D multiple overlapping‐echo detachment (3D‐MOLED) imaging technique, along with data generation and reconstruction strategies, for rapid whole‐brain T 2 * and QSM. Methods MOLED encoding was extended to a 3D multi‐shot acquisition and combined with dual‐echo blip‐reversed EPI trains to simultaneously acquire T 2 * and QSM signals while reducing image distortion. To enable Bloch simulation for training data generation, a deep learning‐based missing modality synthesis approach was employed to produce co‐registered multi‐parametric templates. In addition, a pseudo‐3D Bloch simulation was proposed to accelerate synthetic data generation for network training. A cohort of healthy volunteers and clinical participants were recruited to evaluate the motion robustness of the proposed method in comparison with conventional 3D‐GRE. Results Compared to 3D‐GRE, 3D‐MOLED achieved significant improvements in both scan speed and motion robustness, with over 70% of scans rated as good image quality in both healthy and clinical cohorts. The missing modality synthesis approach generated high‐quality 3D multi‐parametric maps. Combined with the pseudo‐3D Bloch simulation framework, it enabled efficient generation of paired training data with acceptable computational cost, thereby facilitating accurate quantitative mapping. Conclusion 3D‐MOLED enables simultaneous whole‐brain T 2 * and QSM mapping at 1 mm isotropic resolution in 50 s, offering superior motion robustne...