Thermal Insulation and Fireproof Aerogel Composites for Automotive Batteries

作者：Xianbo Hou, Jia Chen, Xufei Fang, Rongzhu Xia, Shaowei Zhu, Tao Liu, Keyu Zhu, Liming Chen · 发表于：Gels · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3390/gels11100791 · 被引用次数：7 · 研究领域：Advanced Battery Technologies Research、Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication、Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies

New energy vehicles face a critical challenge in balancing the thermal safety management of high-specific-energy battery systems with the simultaneous improvement of energy density. With the large-scale application of high-energy-density systems such as silicon-based anodes and solid-state batteries, their inherent thermal runaway risks pose severe challenges to battery thermal management systems (BTMS). Currently, the thermal insulation performance, temperature resistance, and fire protection capabilities of flame-retardant materials (e.g., foam cotton, fiber felts) used in automotive batteries are inadequate to meet the demands of intense combustion and high temperatures generated during thermal failure in high-energy-density batteries. Against this backdrop, thermal insulation and fireproof aerogel materials are emerging as a revolutionary solution for the next generation of power battery thermal protection systems. Leveraging their nanoporous structure's exceptional thermal insulation properties (thermal conductivity of 0.013-0.018 W/(m·K) at room temperature) and extreme fire resistance (temperature resistance > 1100 °C/UL94 V-0 flame retardancy), aerogels are gaining prominence. This article provides a systematic review of thermal runaway phenomena in automotive batteries and corresponding protective measures. It highlights recent breakthroughs in the selection of material systems, optimization of preparation processes, and fiber-matrix composite technologies for automo...