The rise of dehydrated ginsenosides: phytochemistry and pharmacology

作者：Kanghui Wang, Jiayue Liu, Lijuan Ma, Feng‐Xiang Zhang, Jian‐Bo Wan · 发表于：Journal of Advanced Research · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.jare.2025.09.051 · 被引用次数：5 · 研究领域：Ginseng Biological Effects and Applications、Natural product bioactivities and synthesis、Traditional Chinese Medicine Analysis

• A total of 92 dehydrated ginsenosides (DHGs) have been identified from processed Panax species. • Physical, pH-dependent, biological, and chemical approaches for DHG preparation are comprehensively summarized. • DHGs exhibit enhanced bioactivity across multiple disease models relative to their precursor ginsenosides. • Structure–activity relationships (SAR) of DHGs elucidate determinants of their diverse bioactivities. • DHGs show strong potential as drug candidates and nutraceuticals. Plants of the Panax genus, such as P. ginseng , P. notoginseng , and P. quinquefolius , have been utilized for culinary and medicinal purposes for millennia. Their pharmacological effects are largely attributed to ginsenosides—unique compounds derived from the glycosylation of dammaranediol and dammaranetriol. Rare ginsenosides are dammarane-type triterpenoids that occur naturally at low abundance (typically < 0.1 %) and often exhibit stronger bioactivity than macro ginsenosides. Dehydrated ginsenosides (DHGs, e.g., Rk1, Rg5, Rk2), characterized by a C‑20/21 or C‑20/22 double bond on the dammarane side chain, constitute a subgroup of rare ginsenosides that are scarce or absent in native Panax species but enriched in processed products. Structure–activity relationship studies indicate that replacing the C‑20 hydroxyl with a double bond enhances bioactive properties relative to precursor ginsenosides. Despite this promise, an integrative and comprehensive review of DHGs has been lacking. This r...