Exploring the potential of ammonia as a fuel: Advances in combustion understanding and large-scale furnace applications

作者：Sven Eckart, Ernesto Salzano, Andreas Richter, Mohammad Alnajideen, Agustín Valera-Medina, Krishna Prasad Shrestha, Ahmed Yasiry, Jinhua Wang, Florian J. Bauer, Chunkan Yu, Hartmut Krause, Gianmaria Pio · 发表于：Fuel · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136746 · 被引用次数：8 · 研究领域：Catalytic Processes in Materials Science、Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes、Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies

From an environmental standpoint, carbon-free energy carriers such as ammonia and hydrogen are essential for future energy systems. However, their high-temperature chemical behavior remains insufficiently understood, posing challenges for the development and optimization of advanced combustion technologies. Ammonia, in particular, is globally available and cost-effective, especially for energy-intensive industries. The addition of ammonia or hydrogen to methane significantly reduces the accuracy of existing predictive models. Therefore, validated and detailed data are urgently needed to enable reliable design and performance predictions. This review highlights the compatibility of ammonia with existing combustion infrastructure, facilitating a smoother transition to more sustainable heating methods without the need for entirely new systems. Applications in high-temperature heating processes, such as metal processing, ceramics and glass production, and power generation, are of particular interest. This review focuses on the systematic assessment of alternative fuel mixtures comprising ammonia and hydrogen, as well as natural gas, with particular consideration of existing safety-related parameters and combustion characteristics. Fundamental quantities such as the laminar burning velocity are discussed in the context of their relevance for fuel mixtures and their scalability toward turbulent flame propagation, which is of critical importance for industrial burner and reactor des...