Ambient air pollution exposure and lung cancer risk in a large prospective U.S. cohort

作者：Jared A. Fisher, Linda M. Liao, Barry I. Graubard, Joel D. Kaufman, Debra T. Silverman, Rena R. Jones · 发表于：The Science of The Total Environment · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180490 · 被引用次数：5 · 研究领域：Air Quality and Health Impacts、Energy and Environment Impacts、Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting

Background and aim Outdoor air pollution, including fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), is an established cause of lung cancer; however, few studies have evaluated associations by histologic subtype. Methods We estimated outdoor PM 2.5 and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) concentrations at the residential enrollment (1995–1996) address for 486,101 participants of the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study, a cohort located in 6 states and 2 metropolitan areas. We used annual estimates from a national spatiotemporal model to assess concentrations for a 5-year pre-enrollment period (1990–1994). We used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios and 95 % confidence intervals (HR [CI]) for associations with incident lung cancer overall and by histologic subtype per IQR increase in PM 2.5 and NO 2 . Models were adjusted for demographic characteristics, smoking status and intensity, and census tract-level median household income; we separately evaluated the joint effects for both pollutants. We evaluated effect modification by smoking status, sex, and study catchment area, and evaluated statistical interaction via Wald tests. Results 22,453 lung cancers were diagnosed in follow-up through 2018. For PM 2.5 , we observed a small increased risk of lung cancer overall (HR = 1.01[0.99–1.03] per 4.4 μg/m 3 ). Associations were stronger for adenocarcinoma (HR = 1.05[1.01–1.09]) and squamous cell carcinoma (HR = 1.05[1.00–1.10]). In models of NO 2 , a 10.4 ppb increase was associated with lung cancer overall...