Alterations in the Metabolic and Lipid Profiles Associated with Vitamin D Deficiency in Early Pregnancy

作者：Yiwen Qiu, Boya Wang, Nuo Xu, Shuhui Wang, Xialidan Alifu, Haoyue Cheng, Danqing Chen, Lina Yu, Hui Liu, Yunxian Yu · 发表于：Nutrients · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3390/nu17193096 · 被引用次数：2 · 研究领域：Vitamin D Research Studies、Birth, Development, and Health、Folate and B Vitamins Research

Objective: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is common in pregnancy and may affect lipid metabolism. The underlying mechanisms are multifactorial, but most evidence so far comes from non-pregnant populations. This study aims to identify metabolites and metabolic patterns associated with VDD in early pregnancy and to evaluate their relationships with maternal lipid profiles. Methods: A nested case–control research was carried out in the Zhoushan Pregnant Women Cohort (ZPWC). Cases were defined as women with VDD (25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL), and controls (≥20 ng/mL) were matched 1:1 using propensity scores based on age, pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational week, and calendar year at blood sampling. The untargeted metabolomics of first-trimester maternal plasma were measured. Metabolic profiles were analyzed using partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to visualize group separation, and metabolite set enrichment analysis (MSEA) was performed to reveal biologically relevant metabolic patterns. Associations between VDD-related metabolite components in early pregnancy and lipid levels in mid-pregnancy were assessed using linear regression models. Results: 44 cases and 44 controls were selected for the study. There were 60 metabolites identified as being connected to VDD. Among these, 26 metabolites, primarily glycerophospholipids and fatty acyls, exhibited decreased levels in the VDD group. In contrast, 34 metabolites showed increased lev...