Exploring the U-shaped nonlinear relationship of CHG index with metabolic syndrome and mortality risks in metabolic syndrome patients

作者：Shouxin Wei, Sijia Yu, Chuan Qian, Zhengwen Xu, Yindong Jia, Bo Chen · 发表于：Lipids in Health and Disease · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1186/s12944-025-02714-3 · 被引用次数：27 · 研究领域：Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins、Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health、Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a worldwide condition that markedly elevates the risk of chronic conditions. The cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and glucose (CHG) indices simultaneously reflect various metabolic parameters, including lipid metabolism, cardiovascular function, and insulin sensitivity, providing considerable clinical value. This study aimed to investigate the association between the CHG index and MetS, along with their connections with all-cause death and cardiovascular disease (CVD) death in individuals with MetS. METHODS: The NHANES dataset (2001-2018) was used to assess the relationship between the CHG index and MetS via cross-sectional research and weighted logistic regression analysis. Cohort studies and a weighted Cox proportional hazards model were employed to investigate the relationships of CHG with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in individuals with MetS. A possible nonlinear association between the CHG score and MetS, along with all-cause and CVD mortality in MetS patients, was assessed via general additive models and smooth fitting of curves. Kaplan‒Meier (K‒M) survival curves were generated to illustrate prognostic variations across CHG index quartiles. Subgroup analyses were performed to investigate discrepancies in these associations across different populations. Finally, the consistency and dependability of the outcomes were verified through repeated analysis via multiple imputation of the data and external valid...