Association Between Depression and Risk of Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

作者：Prakasini Satapathy, Abhay Gaidhane, Nasir Vadia, Soumya V. Menon, Kattela Chennakesavulu, Rajashree Panigrahi, Ganesh Bushi, Mahendra Pratap Singh, Sanjit Sah, Awakash Turkar, S Govinda Rao, Khang Wen Goh, Muhammed Shabil, Edward Mawejje · 发表于：Brain and Behavior · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1002/brb3.70931 · 被引用次数：8 · 研究领域：Cardiac Health and Mental Health、Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies、Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research

ABSTRACT Background Hypertension and depression are major global health concerns, with increasing evidence suggesting a potential bidirectional relationship between the two conditions. While previous studies have explored this association, the findings remain inconsistent, necessitating a comprehensive evaluation. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to assess the association between depression and the risk of developing hypertension by synthesizing evidence from observational studies. Methods A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases was conducted up to December 20, 2024. Observational studies that examined depression as an exposure and hypertension as an outcome were included. Random‐effects meta‐analysis was performed to estimate pooled odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore heterogeneity and assess the robustness of findings. Publication bias was evaluated using Egger test and funnel plots. Results A total of 36 studies were included, comprising cross‐sectional, cohort, and case‐control designs. The pooled analysis indicated a significant positive association between depression and hypertension (pooled OR = 1.198, 95% CI: 1.086–1.321), with substantial heterogeneity ( I 2 = 68%, p < 0.001). Longitudinal studies yielded a pooled HR of 1.277 (95% CI: 1.159–1.408) with no significant heterogeneity ( I 2 = 0%). Subgroup analyses revealed stronger associations in cross‐sectio...