The online data filter for the KM3NeT neutrino telescopes

作者：O. Adriani, S. Aiello, A. Albert, A.R Alhebsi, M. Alshamsi, S. Alves Garre, Antonio Ambrosone, F. Ameli, M. André, L. Aphecetche, M. Ardid, Salva Ardid, J. Aublin, F. Badaracco, L. Bailly-Salins, Z. Bardаčová, B. Baret, A. Bariego-Quintana, Y. Becherini, M. Bendahman, Francesca Gualandi, M. Benhassi, M Bennani, David M. Benoit, E. Berbee, Emanuele Berti, V. Bertin, P. Betti, S. Biagi, Markus Boettcher, D. Bonanno, S. Bottai, A. B. Bouasla, J. Boumaaza, M. Bouta, M.C. Bouwhuis, C. Bozza, R.M Bozzai, H. Brânzaş, F. Bretaudeau, M. Breuhaus, R Bruijnad, J. Brünner, Riccardo Bruno, E. Buis, R. Buompane, J. Busto, B. Caiffi, D. Calvo, A. Capone, F Carenini, V. Carretero, T. Cartraud, Paolo Castaldi, V. Cecchini, S. Celli, L Cerisy, M. Chabab, A. Chen, S. Cherubini, T. Chiarusi, M. Circella, Robert Beck Clark, R Cocimano, J. A. B. Coelho, A. Coleiro, Antonio Condorelli, R. Coniglione, P. Coyle, A. Creusot, G Cuttone, R. Dallier, A. De Benedittis, G. de Wasseige, Valentin Decoene, P. Deguire, I. Del Rosso, L.S Di Mauro, I Di Palma, A.F. Díaz, D Diego-Tortosa, C. Distefano, Alba Domi, C. Donzaud, Damien Dornic, E. Drakopoulou, D. Drouhin, J.-G. Ducoin, P. Duverne, R. Dvornický, T. Eberl, E. Eckerová, A. Eddymaoui, T van Eeden, M. Eff, D van Eijk, I. El Bojaddaini, S. El Hedri, Sharif El Mentawi, A. Enzenhöfer, G. Ferrara, M. D. Filipović, F. Filippini, D Franciotti, L. Fusco, T. Gal, J. García Méndez, Alfonso Garcia, C. Gatius Oliver, N. Geißelbrecht, Eliot Genton, H. Ghaddari, L. Gialanella, B. K. Gibson, Elisa Giorgio, I. Goos, P. Goswami, Sara Rebecca Gozzini, R. Gracía, B. Guillon, Christian Haack, H van Haren, A. Heijboer, Lothar Hennig, J.J. Hernandez, A. Idrissi, W. Idrissi Ibnsalih, G. Illuminati, R. Figuera Jaimes, Oliver Janik, D. Joly, M. de Jong, P. de Jong, Byung Jun Jung, P. Kalaczyński, J Keegans, V. Kikvadze, G Kistauri, Claudio Kopper, A. Kouchner, Y. Y. Kovalev, Л. Крупа, V. Kueviakoe, V. Kulikovskiy, R. Kvatadze, M. Labalme, R. Lahmann, M. Lamoureux, G. Larosa, C. Lastoria, John F. Lazar, A. Lazo, S. Le Stum, G. Lehaut, V. Lemaı̂tre, E. Leonora, N. Lessing, G. Lévi, M. Lindsey Clark, F. Longhitano, Francesca Magnani, Jhilik Majumdar, Lara Malerba, F. Mamedov, Alberto Manfreda, A. Manousakis, M. Marconi, A. Margiotta, A. Marinelli, C. Markou, L. Martin, M Mastrodicasa, S. Mastroianni, Jonathan Mauro, K. Mehta, Gennaro Miele, P. Migliozzi, E. Migneco, M. L. Mitsou, C.M. Mollo, L. Morales-Gallegos, N. Mori, A. Moussa, I. Mozun Mateo, R. Muller, M. R. Musone, M. Musumeci, S. Navas, A Nayerhoda, C. A. Nicolau, B. Nkosi, B.Ó Fearraigh, V. Oliviero, A Orlando, E. Oukacha, L. Pacini, D. Paesani, J. Palacios González, Gogita Papalashvili, P. Papini, Valentina Parisi, A. Parmar, E.J. Pastor Gomez, C. Pastore, A.M. Păun, G. E. Păvălaş, S. Peña Martínez, M. Perrin‐Terrin, V. Pestel, M Petropavlova, P. Piattelli, A. V. Plavin, C. Poirè, V. Popa, T. Pradier, J. Prado, S. Pulvirenti, C.A Quiroz-Rangel, N Randazzo, Ahmed Ratnani, S. Razzaque, I.C Rea, D. Real, G. Riccobene, John A. Robinson, A. Yu. Romanov, E. Ros, A Saina, F. Salesa Greus, D.F.E Samtleben, A. Sánchez‐Losa, Sarah Sanfilippo, M. Sanguineti, D. Santonocito, P. Sapienza, M. Scaringella, Marco Scarnera, J. Schnabel, J. Schumann, J. Seneca, N. Sennan, Per Arne Sevle Myhr, I. Sgura, R. Shanidze, Chengyu Shao, Ankur Sharma, Y. Shitov, F. Šimkovic, A. Simonelli, A. Sinopoulou, B. Spisso, M. Spurio, O. Starodubtsev, D Stavropoulos, I. Štekl, D. Stocco, M. Taiuti, G. Takadze, Y. Tayalati, Hannes Thiersen, S Thoudam, I. Tosta e Melo, B. Trocmé, V. Tsourapis, E. Tzamariudaki, A. Ukleja, A. Vacheret, V. Valsecchi, V. Van Elewyck, G. Vannoye, E. Vannuccini, G. Vasileiadis, F. Vazquez de Sola, A. Veutro, S. Viola, D. Vivolo, A van Vliet, E de Wolf, Isabelle Lhenry-Yvon, S. Zavatarelli, Daniele Zito, J. D. Zornoza, J. Zúñiga · 发表于：Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.nima.2025.171097 · 被引用次数：2 · 研究领域：Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena、Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology、Neutrino Physics Research

The KM3NeT research infrastructure comprises two neutrino telescopes located in the deep waters of the Mediterranean Sea, namely ORCA and ARCA. KM3NeT/ORCA is designed for the measurement of neutrino properties and KM3NeT/ARCA for the detection of high-energy neutrinos from the cosmos. Neutrinos are indirectly detected using three-dimensional arrays of photo-sensors which detect the Cherenkov light that is produced when relativistic charged particles emerge from a neutrino interaction. The analogue pulses from the photo-sensors are digitised offshore and all digital data are sent to a station on shore where they are processed in real time using a farm of commodity servers and custom software. In this paper, the design and performance of the software that is used to filter the data are presented. The performance of the data filter is evaluated in terms of its efficiency, purity and capacity. The efficiency is measured by the effective volumes of the sensor arrays as a function of the energy of the neutrino. The purity is measured by a comparison of the event rate caused by muons produced by cosmic ray interactions in the Earth’s atmosphere with the event rate caused by the background from decays of radioactive elements in the sea water and bioluminescence. The capacity is measured by the minimal number of servers that is needed to sustain the rate of incoming data. The results of these evaluations comply with all specifications. The count rates of all photo-sensors are measure...