Olfactory Dysfunction After SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the RECOVER Adult Cohort

作者：Leora I. Horwitz, Jacqueline Becker, Weixing Huang, Teresa Akintonwa, Maxwell M. Hornig-Rohan, Gabrielle Maranga, Dara R. Adams, Mark W. Albers, Mirna Ayache, J.L. Berry, Hassan Brim, Tanner W. Bryan, Alexander W. Charney, Robert A. Clark, Melissa M. Cortez, Brian D’Anza, Hannah Davis, Sarah E. Donohue, Nathaniel Erdmann, Valerie J. Flaherman, Tamara G. Fong, Jennifer A. Frontera, Mark P. Goldberg, Jason D. Goldman, Michelle Harkins, Sally Hodder, Vanessa L. Jacoby, Prasanna Jagannathan, Xiaolin Jia, J. Daniel Kelly, Jerry A. Krishnan, Andre Kumar, Adeyinka O. Laiyemo, Emily B. Levitan, Jeffrey N. Martin, Kathryn McCaffrey, Grace A. McComsey, Torri D. Metz, Ganesh Murthy, Helen Nguyen, Megumi J. Okumura, Samuel Parry, Sairam Parthasarathy, Thomas F. Patterson, Michael J. Peluso, Christina Sorochinsky, Tiffany Walker, Samantha Wiegand, Zanthia Wiley, Juan P. Wisnivesky, Hassan Ashktorab, Andrea S. Foulkes, Joyce Lee‐Iannotti, Jenny E. Han, Vincent C. Marconi, Ighovwerha Ofotokun, Rachel E. Patzer, Tiffany Walker, Rachael Abraham, Franchesca A. Aguilar, Ghazal Ahmadi-Izad, Dilshad R. Ahmed, Alicarmen Alvarez, Blake Anderson, Walter D. Asencios, Casey L. Beaty, Brahmchetna Bedi, Jasmine A. Berry, Donchel Boone, Mary Bower, J. Douglas Bremner, Corbin Brent, Ke’Ara Brown-Smith, Rachel Bull, Gustavo Capo, Kelechi Carl-Igwe, Calista Chitadze, Nachi Chukwumerije, Erna Clyburn, Shelby Collins, Julie Costello, Grace Couture, Angel Craft, Xiangqin Cui, Carlos del Rı́o, Joshua F. Detelich, Cartia Dixon, Jeanne Dow, D.J. Doyle, Jannah Elchommali, Imani Elsey, Nicole Franks, Julia W. Gallini, Evan Gutter, Jess Harding, Liliana Hernández, Carla Holloway, Cynthia Ifejika, Rijalda Jasarevic, Vidhi Javia, Mykayla Jeter, Yasha Joseph, Monica Juarez, Caitlin M. Kirkpatrick, Athena Koumanelis, Shilpa Krishnan, Jose D. Leon, Valerie Lew, Cheryl L. Maier, Nour Makkaoui, Mara Maroney, Christopher F. Martin, Loice Mbogo, Atuarra McCaslin, J. McIntyre, Abeer Moanna, Miranda Montoya, Elena Martín Morales, Caitlin A. Moran, Calista Murray, Roslin Nelson, Tran Nguyen, B. Ojoawo, Eileen Osinski, Sofia Oviedo, Yolanda Paredes-Gaitan, Michael Prude, Grace Ramakrishnan, Paulina A. Rebolledo, Marjorie Roberts, Keysha Robinson, Chantrice Rogers, Nadine Rouphael, Charles Searles, Marni Segall, Anand Shah, Ruvina Silva, Cheryl Simpson, Krystal Simpson-Derrell, Talib Sirajud-Deen, Jacob Stroud, Mehul S. Suthar, Cory Sylber, Ashley Sylvera, Larissa Teunis, Kodasha M. Thomas, Kehmia Titanji, Christopher Toy, Alex Truong, Viola Vaccarino, Kris Varney, Kartavya J. Vyas, Kurt Vyas, Max Walkow, Tamara Wesley, Juton R. Winston, Terra J. Winter, Cherry Wongtrakool, Sushma K. Cribbs, Olivia Collins, Christina Fournier, Anyssa G. Francis, Tina P. Hang, Ketteria D. Ingram, Jordi Lainez, Leon Rubinsztain, Howa Yeung, Zanthia Wiley, Arijan Ager, Natalie Gray, Ash Grimes, Daniel Gromer, Lauren N. Hewitt, Christopher Huerta, Brandi Johnson, Colleen F. Kelley, Lana Khalil, Dean J. Kleinhenz, Alexandra Koumanelis, Rebecca Kozoman, Matthew A. Lee, Kennedy C. Lewis, Matthew Litvack, Tsungirirai Maramba, C. Christina Mehta, Bernadine Panganiban, Kazi Mizanur Rahman, Veronica E. Smith, Andre Stringer, Maliya Tolbert, Jessica Traenkner, Kristen Unterberger, Heqiong Wang, Erika Wimberly, Qian Yang, A. Blythe Ryerson, Rebecca Hjortsberg, Alex F. Hudgins, Monica Martinez, Robert B. Neuman, Sierra G. Thompson, Chiagoziem Agu, Priscilla Pemu, Amir Afani, Concilia Ariri, Annette Dandy, Kaysha Harper, Carmel Ibeawuchi, Brianna Lawrence, Jan Morgan‐Billingslea, Elizabeth I. Ojemakinde, Karina Smith, Bruce D. Levy, Masanori Aikawa, Lindsey R. Baden, Gaston Baslet, Lindsey Bennett, Shamik Bhattacharyya, Julie E. Buring, R. Cagnina, Long‐Qing Chen, Cheryl R. Clark, Pieter A. Cohen, Charles A. Czeisler, Peter Estill, Elizabeth Gay, Jessica Hong, Daniela Lamas, Sarina Lay, Nomi C. Levy‐Carrick, JoAnn E. Manson, Tobasom Monafrared, Susan Redline, Elijah J. Remis, Daniel Schilkrut, Howard D. Sesso, Scott D. Solomon, Jeffrey A. Sparks, Lia L. Spencer, David M. Systrom, Phyo Phyo Min Thu, David R. Walt, George Washko, Maureen Whittelsey, Rebecca Wiener, Ingrid V. Bassett, George A. Alba, Taing N. Aung, Kathleen V. Fitch, Leo C. Ginns, Jennifer S. Haas, Yanxiang Hu, Boris Juelg, Diane G. Kanjilal, Arthur Y. Kim, Elizabeth B. Klerman, Greg Lewis, A.N. Musa, Bisola O. Ojikutu, Roy H. Perlis, Jonathan Rosand, Zachary S. Wallace, Dean Xerras, Danielle Zionts, Janet Mullington, Ai‐ris Y. Collier, Tamara G. Fong, Monika Haack, Kristine Hauser, Jason H. Maley, Yuri Quintana, Lynn Shaughnessy, Kathryn E. Stephenson, Robert J. Thomas, Robert Carreras‐Torres, Jai Marathe, Elizabeth R. Duffy, Naomi M. Hamburg, George O'connor, Haihua Zhang, Janice John, Amberly Ticotsky, Honorine Ward, Deborah Blazey-Martin, Maher Ghamloush, Michael R. 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Bengtson, Theresa Howard, Brandon Koontz, Leslie Spikes, Christopher Simmons, Sidney W. Whiteheart, Beth A. Garvy, Jeremy P. Wood, Gailen D. Marshall, Vishnu Garla, Joy Kuebler, Utsav Nandi, Andrew Vasey, David E. Warren, John D. Dickinson, Timothy M. VanWagoner, Amanda Bogie, Daniel J. Heyanka, Judith A. James, James Scott, Fatima I. Sukhera, Carlos A. Luciano Roman, Sigrid Perez Frontera, Jorge Santana Bagur, Jonathan D. Klein, Jerry A. Krishnan, Janet Lin, Naoko Muramatsu, Bellur S. Prabhakar, Heather M. Prendergast, Terry L. Vanden Hoek, Dara R. Adams, Aileen Baker, Sunni Barbera, Sanjib Basu, Susan C Bleasdale, Andrew D. Boyd, Taylor Breiter, Irina A. Buhimschi, Michael D. Carrithers, Rashmika Chalamalla, David Chestek, Judith Α. Cook, Dawood Darbar, Raktima Dasgupta, Felicia Davis Blakley, Julie A. DeLisa, Kathleen R. Diviak, Meghan F. Donlon, Mark S. Dworkin, Angela M. Ellison, Clarie Flanigan, Michael B. Freedman, Lynn B. Gerald, Wayne H. Giles, Howard S. 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Hendrix, Ana Holzbach, Weixing Huang, Daniel Kaufman, Diane Keogh, James D. Kerr, Jeffrey G. Klann, Aparna Krishnamoorthy, Jessica Lasky‐Su, Katherine P. Liao, Doug MacFadden, Anupama Maram, Megan W. Martel, Michael Mendis, Reeta Metta, Jonathan Monteiro, Eduardo A. Morales, Richard E. Morse, Marc-Danie Nazaire, Gregory Neils, Amber N. Nguyen, James Norman, Henry Paik, Deepti Pant, Heekyong Park, Dustin J. Rabideau, Harrison T. Reeder, Kathleen Rossi-Roh, L Santacroce, Katherine Schlepphorst, Carolin C. M. Schulte, Caitlin Selvaggi, Daniel J. Shinnick, William M. Simons, Lynn Simpson, Mary L. St. Jean Flanders, Zachary H. Strasser, Mansi R. Thakrar, Tanayott Thaweethai, Madeleine Thorn, Philip Trewett, Dustin Van Fleet, Kavishwar B. Wagholikar, Taowei David Wang, Nich Wattanasin, Griffin M. Weber, Michael A. Williams, Ren Zhe Zhang, Mine Cicek, Thomas J. Flotte, Erik M. Boysen, Nancy Chang, Evan Ellingworth, Erika Frisch, Gary Welch, Abdullahi Yusuf, Nicole Zahnle, Marta Cerda, Victor H. Clash, Brittany Taylor, Mike Zissis, Teresa Akintonwa, Frank Blanceró, Heather-Elizabeth Brown, Megan Carmilani, Debra Copeland, Yvonka Hall, kevin kondo, Lydia Lerma, Jacqui Lindsay, Heather Marti, Christine Maughan, Tony Minor, Hyatt Vincent, Jeffrey P. Burns, Serena Spudich, L. Charles Bailey, Melissa M. Cortez, Andrea S. Foulkes, David C. Goff, Jessica Lasky‐Su, Igho Ofotokun, Melissa S. Stockwell, James R. Stone, Brittany D. Taylor, PJ Utz, Neely Williams, David Warburton, Hannah Davis, Nathan Erdmann, Margot Gage Witvliet, Mamta K. Jain, Thomas F. Martínez, Rebecca McGrath, Jacqueline Rutter, Karyn Bishof, Dani Dumitriu, Paul Goepfert, Sylvie Goldman, Stephen M. Hewitt, Matthew J. Huentelman, Barbara I. Karp, Marrah E. Lachowicz-Scroggins, Janko Nikolich‐Žugich, Alice Perlowski, Brian Reeves, Juan C. Salazar, Hannah Valantine, Drenna Waldrop, Karima Anderson, Leyna Aragon, Mirlesna Azor-Sterlin, Bryan Bander, Leila Basu, John Bolecek, Crystal W. Burke, Etienne Carignan, Leah Castro Baucom, Hillary Chen, Victor H. Clash, Alison K. Cohen, Sandra Cole, Krista Coombs, Victoria Copeland, L Covington, Wendy C. Cox, Shaniese K. Crawford, Alexia Debrosse, Robert DeRosa, Marissa R Diggs, James Doster, J DOUGLAS, Matthew Dunn, Belinda Edwards, L.E. Evans, Liza Fisher, Krista Fisher, Megan Fitzgerald, D M Fleming, Margot Gage Witliet, Cynthia Garbutt, Tara Ghormley, Thomas A. Godwin, Alex Gressley, Tyler Gustafson, W. Walker Hanlon, Teia Hassey, Verna Holmes, Mady Hornig, Maxwell Hornig, Anna Huff-Davis, Jessica Jackson Love, Nita Jain, Jennifer Jones, Geraldine Kaleponi, Jeannie Karwowsky, Jamie La Londe-Pinkston, Julie A. Lam, Rebecca Letts, Juan Lewis, Joseph Lima, Doug Lindsay, Aaron M. Martinez, Lisa McCorkell, Netia McCray, Molly McNulty, Kian Nguyen, Lauren M. Nichols, Elizabeth Noriega, Perla Nunes, Lisa O’Brien, Gema Ortiz, Slate Owen, Joyce Page, Aimee Peddie, Elizabeth Phillips-Lorenzo, Lisa Prentiss, Nadia Raytselis, Lidia Regino, Megan Rockwell, Robyn Saldino, Leto Sapunar, Sandria Savage, Elle Seibert, Anisha Sekar, Anita L Souder, Ezra Spier, Mallory Stanislawczyk, Doreen Stein-Seroussi, Camrynne Sullivan, Emily Taylor, Kim Taylor, Diana Terry, Ann Wallace, Jess Warner, Ben White, R. Wilensky, Melissa J. Williams, Neely Williams, Kay Williams-Dawson, Andrew Wylam · 发表于：JAMA Network Open · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.33815 · 被引用次数：7 · 研究领域：Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies、Long-Term Effects of COVID-19、Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies

Importance: Olfactory dysfunction is common after SARS-CoV-2 infection and has been associated with cognitive loss in other conditions. Formal testing is needed to characterize the presence, severity, and patterns of olfactory dysfunction. Objective: To characterize long-term olfactory dysfunction after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Design, Setting, and Participants: This prospective cohort study included adults enrolled in the Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER)-Adult study. All those with and a random sample of those without self-reported change or loss in smell or taste were offered olfactory testing, performed at 83 sites in 35 US states and territories. Participants included 2956 enrollees with prior infection (1393 with and 1563 without self-reported change or loss) and 569 without prior infection (9 with and 560 without self-reported change or loss in taste) who underwent olfactory testing a mean (SD) of 671.6 (417.8) days after the index date. Data were collected from October 29, 2021, to June 6, 2025. Exposure: SARS-CoV-2 infection. Main Outcomes and Measures: Olfactory function, as defined by age- and sex-standardized performance on the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), a well-validated test comprising 40 unique odors. Results: The study included 3525 participants with a mean (SD) age of 47.6 (15.2) years; of 3520 with data available, 2548 (72.4%) were female or intersex. Among 1393 infected participants with self-reported change or l...