Key Competencies for Effective New Nurse Preceptorship: A Scoping Review of Essential Skills and Knowledge

作者：Qi Wang, Lamei Liu, Qin Zeng, Shaoyu Su, Shujing Gao · 发表于：Journal of Nursing Management · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1155/jonm/4509979 · 被引用次数：9 · 研究领域：Nursing Roles and Practices、Nursing education and management、Nursing Education, Practice, and Leadership

Background: The global nursing shortage necessitates rapid integration of new nurses into practice. However, the transition from student to professional remains challenging, with high first‐year turnover rates. While preceptorship is vital for facilitating this transition, comprehensive competency frameworks for nurse preceptors are lacking. Aim: This study aims to review and define key competencies of registered nurse preceptors, focusing on essential skills and developmental strategies to build a competency framework. Design: A scoping review following established guidelines was conducted. Methods: Systematic searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from January 2012 to September 2022. The inclusion of studies was based on a set of defined eligibility criteria, and the results were synthesized into categories regarding the competencies of preceptors and methods for assessing them. Results: A total of 48 studies were included in the final analysis. The competencies required for new nurse preceptors were categorized into four primary areas: (1) role model attributes, (2) teaching abilities, (3) motivational capacities, and (4) personal attribute competency. The review highlighted gaps in preceptor training, with many preceptors lacking formal education or institutional support. Additionally, the review found that the selection of preceptors and new nurses should be a mutual process, and preceptor competencies are closely linked to the ef...