Calibration and Performance of the Surface Scintillator Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

作者：Matteo Conte, Adila Abdul Halim, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, I. Allekotte, Kévin Almeida Cheminant, Alejandro Almela, Roberto Aloisio, Jaime Álvarez-Muñiz, Antonio Ambrosone, Juan Ammerman Yebra, Gioacchino Alex Anastasi, Luis A. Anchordoqui, Belén Andrada, Luciana Andrade Dourado, S. Andringa, Lorenzo Apollonio, Carla Aramo, Enrico Arnone, Juan Carlos Arteaga Velázquez, P. Assis, Gualberto Avila, Emanuele Avocone, Alena Bakalová, Felicia Barbato, Adriel Bartz Mocellin, Jose A. Bellido, Corinne Bérat, Mario E. Bertaina, Marta Bianciotto, Peter L. Biermann, Virginia Binet, Kathrin Bismark, Teresa Bister, J. Biteau, Jiří Blažek, Johannes Blümer, Martina Boháčová, Denise Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, Luan Bonneau Arbeletche, Nataliia Borodai, J. Brack, P. Gabriel Brichetto Orchera, Florian Lukas Briechle, Antonio Bueno, S. Buitink, Mario Buscemi, Max Büsken, Anthony Bwembya, K. S. Caballero‐Mora, Sergio Cabana-Freire, Lorenzo Caccianiga, Federico Campuzano, Jorge Caraça-Valente, R. Caruso, Antonella Castellina, Fernando Catalani, G. Cataldi, Lorenzo Cazon, Marcos Cerda, Berenika Čermáková, Alessandro Cermenati, J. A. Chinellato, J. Chudoba, L. Chytka, Roger W Clay, Agustín Cobos Cerutti, Roberta Colalillo, R. Conceição, Giovanni Consolati, Fabio Convenga, Diego Correia dos Santos, Pedro J. Costa, C. E. Covault, M. Cristinziani, Carlo Salvattore Cruz Sanchez, S. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B. R. Dawson, Rogerio M. de Almeida, Eric-Teunis de Boone, Beatriz de Errico, Joaquín de Jesús, S. J. de Jong, João de Mello Neto, I. De Mitri, Jaime de Oliveira, Danelise de Oliveira Franco, Francesco de Palma, Vitor de Souza, Emanuele De Vito, Antonino Del Popolo, Olivier Deligny, Nikolas Denner, Luca Deval, Armando di Matteo, C. Dobrigkeit, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, Luis Miguel Domingues Mendes, Qader Dorosti, Joao dos Anjos, Rita Cassia dos Anjos, Jan Ebr, Fiona H. Ellwanger, Ralph Engel, Italo Epicoco, M. Erdmann, Alberto Etchegoyen, Carmelo Evoli, Heino Falcke, Glennys R. Farrar, A. C. Fauth, Tim Fehler, Fridtjof Feldbusch, Alexandra Fernandes, Mateo Fernandez, Brian Fick, Juan Manuel Figueira, Paul Filip, Andrej Filipčič, Thomas Fitoussi, Benjamin Flaggs, Tomáš Fodran, Antonio Franco, Milton Freitas, Toshihiro Fujii, Alan Fuster, Cristina Galea, B. Garćıa, Chloé Gaudu, Piera Luisa Ghia, Ugo GIACCARI, Fabian Gobbi, Fernando Gollan, Geraldina Golup, Mariano Gómez Berisso, Primo F. Gómez Vitale, Juan Pablo Gongora, Juan Manuel Gonzalez, Nicolás Martín González, D. Góra, A. Gorgi, Marvin Gottowik, F. Guarino, G.P. Guedes, Lukas Gülzow, Steffen Hahn, P. Hamal, Matías Rolf Hampel, Patricia María Hansen, Violet M. Harvey, A. Haungs, T. Hebbeker, C. Hojvat, Jörg Hörandel, Pavel Horváth, Miroslav Hrabovský, T. Huege, A. Insolia, Paula Gina Isar, Mohamed Ismaiel, Petr Janeček, Vlastimil Jílek, K.‐H. Kampert, B. Keilhauer, Abha Khakurdikar, Varada Varma Kizakke Covilakam, H.O. Klages, Matthias Kleifges, Jelena Köhler, Frederik Krieger, Margita Kubátová, Norbert Kunka, Bruno L. Lago, Niklas Langner, Nicolas Leal, Marcelo Augusto Leigui de Oliveira, Yago Lema-Capeans, Antoine Letessier-Selvon, Isabelle Lhenry-Yvon, L. Lopes, Jon Paul Lundquist, M. Mallamaci, Dušan Mandát, P. Mantsch, Federico Maria Mariani, Analisa Mariazzi, Ioana Codrina Maris, G. Marsella, Daniele Martello, Sara Martinelli, Miguel A. Martins, Hermann-Josef Mathes, J. Matthews, Giorgio Matthiae, Eric William Mayotte, Sonja Mayotte, Peter Mazur, Gustavo Medina‐Tanco, Janning Meinert, Diego Melo, Alexander Menshikov, Carmen Merx, Stanislav Michal, María Isabel Micheletti, L. Miramonti, Megha Mogarkar, Silvia Mollerach, F. Montanet, Leonel Morejón, Katharine Mulrey, R. Mussa, Wilson M. Namasaka, Shefali Negi, L. Nellen, Khoa D. Nguyen, Gabriela Nicora, Marcus Niechciol, Dave Nitz, Dalibor Nosek, Alexander Novikov, Vladimír Novotný, Libor Nožka, Achille Nucita, Luis A. Núñez, José Ochoa, Cainã Oliveira, Leo Östman, M. Palatka, Juan Pallotta, Shayoni Panja, G. Parente, Therese Paulsen, Jannis Pawlowsky, M. Pech, Jan Pękala, Rodrigo Pelayo, Vincent Pelgrims, Luiz Augusto Pereira, Edyvânia Emily Pereira Martins, Carmina Pérez Bertolli, Lorenzo Perrone, S. Petrera, Camilla Petrucci, T. Pierog, M. Pimenta, Manuel Platino, Bjarni Pont, Mohsen Pourmohammad Shahvar, Paolo Privitera, Chaitanya Priyadarshi, Michael Prouza, Krzysztof Pytel, Sven Querchfeld, J. Rautenberg, Diego Ravignani, João Vítor Reginatto Akim, Alex Reuzki, J. Řídký, Felix Riehn, Markus Risse, V. Rizi, Ezequiel Rodriguez, Gonzalo Rodriguez Fernandez, Jorge Rubén Rodriguez Rojo, Simone Rossoni, Markus Roth, Esteban Roulet, Adrián Rovero, A. Sǎftoiu, Mohit Saharan, F. Salamida, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, Gaetano Salina, Pranav Sampathkumar, Nicolas San Martin, Jose Sanabria Gomez, Federico Andrés Sánchez, Edivaldo Moura Santos, Eva Santos, F. Sarazin, R. Sarmento, Ricardo Sato, Pierpaolo Savina, Viviana Scherini, H. Schieler, Martin Schimassek, Michael Schimp, David Schmidt, O. Schölten, Harm Schoorlemmer, Petr Schovanek, Frank Schröder, Josina Schulte, Tobias Schulz, Sergio J Sciutto, Marina Scornavacche, Adrian Sedoski, A. Segreto, Srijan Sehgal, Shima Ujjani Shivashankara, G. Sigl, Katarína Simkova, F. Simon, Radomir Šmída, Paul Sommers, Ruben Squartini, Maximilian Stadelmaier, S. Stanič, Jarosław Stasielak, Patrick Stassi, Simon Strähnz, Maximilian Straub, Tiina Suomijärvi, A. D. Supanitsky, Zuzana Svozilikova, Karolina Syrokvas, Zbigniew Szadkowski, Fedor Tairli, Matteo Tambone, Alex Adrián Reyes Tapia, Carla Taricco, Charles Timmermans, Olena Tkachenko, Petr Tobiška, Carlos J. Todero Peixoto, B. Tomé, Andres Travaini, P. Trávnı́ček, Matias Jorge Tueros, M. Unger, Rukije Uzeiroska, Lukáš Vaclavek, Martin Vacula, Igor Vaiman, Jose F. Valdés Galicia, Laura Valore, Pim van Dillen, Enrique Varela, Veronika Vašíčková, Adriana Vásquez-Ramírez, Darko Veberič, Indira D. Vergara Quispe, Stef Verpoest, Valerio Verzi, J. Vícha, Jacco Vink, S. Vorobiov, Jhansi Bhavani Vuta, Clara Keiko Oliveira Watanabe, Alan Watson, Andreas Weindl, Melanie Weitz, Lawrence Wiencke, H. Wilczyński, Brian Wundheiler, Bin Yue, Alexey Yushkov, E. Zas, Danilo Zavrtanik, Marko Zavrtanik · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.22323/1.501.0227 · 被引用次数：1 · 研究领域：Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies、Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications、Atmospheric Ozone and Climate

The Pierre Auger Observatory has led to significant advances in our understanding of ultra- high-energy cosmic rays. These new insights have driven a major upgrade of the Observatory, known as AugerPrime, through which the experiment has entered its Phase II, a new period of data collection. A key part of the upgrade is adding surface scintillator detectors (SSD) on top of the existing water-Cherenkov detectors (WCD). The main goal is to leverage their different responses to the electromagnetic and muonic shower components, enhancing the reconstruction of the primary cosmic-ray mass. In this contribution, we present the methods that involve analyzing peak and charge distributions of atmospheric muons for accurate calibration during extensive air-shower event reconstruction, along with the development of a rate-based algorithm for independent calibration. We also show the performance of the SSDs with Phase-II data, including PMT reliability and stability of key parameters, such as gain and signal-to-noise ratio.