Polysaccharide-degrading archaea dominate acidic hot springs: genomic and cultivation insights into a novel Thermoproteota lineage

作者：Maria I. Prokofeva, Alina I. Karaseva, Adolf S. Tulenkov, Alexandra A. Klyukina, Н. Е. Сузина, Nicole J. Bale, Anchélique Mets, Christa Schleper, Alexander G. Elcheninov, Tatiana V. Kochetkova · 发表于：mSystems · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1128/msystems.00710-25 · 被引用次数：7 · 研究领域：Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies、Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology、Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena

ABSTRACT The expansion of sequencing technologies and bioinformatics has greatly advanced our understanding of microbial “dark matter,” yet the isolation of pure cultures, especially among Archaea, remains rare and challenging. Cultivation is still essential for the reliable characterization of microbial metabolism, which cannot be fully replaced by metagenomics and other omics-based approaches. Here, we report the first cultivated representatives of a deep-branching archaeal lineage previously known as Candidatus Marsarchaeota. Our phylogenomic analyses place these isolates within the phylum Thermoproteota as a novel order, Tardisphaerales . Members of Tardisphaerales dominate the prokaryotic communities in acidic hot springs below 70°C, comprising up to 40% of the total microbial population, underscoring their ecological significance. Functional genomics and culture experiments reveal a thermoacidophilic, anaerobic lifestyle, with energy metabolism based on carbohydrate fermentation, particularly of polysaccharides. This metabolic capability is supported by numerous glycosidase-encoding genes and by unprecedented metabolic versatility among thermoacidophiles. The isolates possess complete glycolysis, Entner-Doudoroff, and pentose-phosphate pathways, allowing them to utilize different sugars. Specialization in polysaccharide hydrolysis presumably provides an adaptive advantage for these slow-growing archaea, as most other heterotrophic thermoacidophiles prefer peptides or si...