Neoadjuvant Immuno-Chemotherapy Versus Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Oesophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

作者：Yuxin Yang, Chang Yuan, Bin Li, Zhichao Liu, Yang Yang, Chunguang Li, Ming Zhang, Yuchen Han, Jun Liu, Zhigang Li · 发表于：European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1093/ejcts/ezaf302 · 被引用次数：2 · 研究领域：Esophageal Cancer Research and Treatment、Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers、Eosinophilic Esophagitis

OBJECTIVES: The chemoradiotherapy for oesophageal cancer followed by surgery study (CROSS) regimen has been the standard neoadjuvant treatment for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma over the last decade. However, the emerging Neoadjuvant Immuno-Chemotherapy followed by Esophagectomy (NICE) regimen has shown promising potential. This study compares the treatment response and the long-term outcomes of NICE versus CROSS for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: We retrospectively analysed patients who underwent the NICE or the CROSS regimen between January 2018 and April 2022. NICE comprised camrelizumab with carboplatin and paclitaxel over two 21-day cycles. CROSS included carboplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy with concurrent radiotherapy (41.4 Gy) per protocol. After matching, 177 patients were included in each group for analysis. RESULTS: The pathological complete remission (pCR) rates were similar between the NICE and the CROSS (20.9% vs 25.4%, P = .314) regimens. NICE demonstrated superior 3-year overall survival (73.5% vs 58.4%, P = .003) and cancer-specific survival (77.3% vs 64.3%, P = .006). Recurrence rates, including local and distant recurrences, were comparable. Subgroup analysis revealed no survival differences in patients with a pCR (hazard ratio 1.65, 95% CI 0.56-4.84), but patients without non-pCR in the NICE group showed improved overall survival compared to those in the CROSS (hazard ratio 1.86, 95% CI 1.24-2.77) group. Patients following NICE repor...