A cross-sectional study of macronutrients, vitamins, minerals, and bioactive components in human milk of approved milk bank donors from low-, middle-, and high-income countries

作者：Maryanne T. Perrin, Kimberly Mansen, Kiersten Israel‐Ballard, Lars Bode, Daniela Hampel, Setareh Shahab‐Ferdows, Lindsay H. Allen, Francisca Cofré Maggio, Emily Mbaire Njuguna, Hoang Thi Tran, Aleksandra Wesołowska · 发表于：American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.07.031 · 被引用次数：11 · 研究领域：Infant Nutrition and Health、Breastfeeding Practices and Influences、Child Nutrition and Water Access

BACKGROUND: Currently, clinical care of preterm infants is limited by a dearth of information on the nutritional and bioactive composition of donor human milk (DHM). OBJECTIVES: The primary objective is to assess and compare the macronutrients, vitamins, minerals, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), and antimicrobial proteins in human milk from approved milk banks in a variety of low-, middle-, and high-income settings. The secondary objective is to explore factors that influence composition, including gestational stage (preterm compared with term), lactation stage, maternal age, lifetime donation volume, and storage duration. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of human milk collected systematically from unique, approved milk bank donors (n = 600) in Chile, Kenya, Poland, the United States, and Vietnam. True protein, total fat, lactose, HMOs, vitamins, minerals, and antimicrobial proteins were assessed. Analysis of variance and Tukey's tests were used to evaluate normally distributed data; Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests were used for nonparametric data. Multiple regression was used to explore factors associated with milk composition. RESULTS: The only site with predominantly preterm donors was Kenya (26/50). Kenya also had an early donation model (mean lactation stage 1.6 ± 1.1 wk), whereas the remaining sites had a mature donation model (mean lactation stage ranged 14.2-21.4 wk). Most nutrients differed significantly (P < 0.05) between geographies. For instance, ...