Green Superhydrophobic Surfaces: From Natural Substrates to Sustainable Fabrication Processes

作者：Siyuan Wang, Hengyuan Liu, Gang Liu, Pengfei Song, Jingyi Liu, Zhao Liang, Ding Chen, Guanlin Ren · 发表于：Materials · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3390/ma18184270 · 被引用次数：10 · 研究领域：Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity、Aerogels and thermal insulation、Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials

Superhydrophobic surfaces, characterized by water contact angles greater than 150°, have attracted widespread interest due to their exceptional water repellency and multifunctional applications. However, traditional fabrication methods often rely on fluorinated compounds and petroleum-based polymers, raising environmental and health concerns. In response to growing environmental and health problems, recent research has increasingly focused on developing green superhydrophobic surfaces, employing eco-friendly materials, energy-efficient processes, and non-toxic modifiers. This review systematically summarizes recent progress in the development of green superhydrophobic materials, focusing on the use of natural substrates such as cellulose, chitosan, starch, lignin, and silk fibroin. Sustainable fabrication techniques, including spray coating, dip coating, sol-gel processing, electrospinning, laser texturing, and self-assembly, are critically discussed with regards to their environmental compatibility, scalability, and integration with biodegradable components. Furthermore, the functional performance of these coatings is explored in diverse application fields, including self-cleaning, oil-water separation, anti-corrosion, anti-icing, food packaging, and biomedical devices. Key challenges such as mechanical durability, substrate adhesion, and large-scale processing are addressed, alongside emerging strategies that combine green chemistry with surface engineering. This review pro...