Recent advances in gradient biomimetic scaffolds for tendon-bone interface regeneration

作者：Xianyan Xie, Yu Wang, Ziyan Li, Gaoyuan Yang, Guodong Cheng, Shuqi Qin, Hui Wang, Lin Zhu · 发表于：Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3389/fbioe.2025.1629816 · 被引用次数：14 · 研究领域：Tendon Structure and Treatment、3D Printing in Biomedical Research、Bone Tissue Engineering Materials

Injury and repair of the tendon-bone interface (TBI) pose a significant challenge in the fields of orthopedics and sports medicine. Due to the gradients in structure, composition, mechanical properties, and biological signals across the TBI, transitioning from flexible tendon to rigid bone, traditional surgical approaches often struggle to reconstruct its functional structure, leading to poor mechanical properties of the interface after repair and high re-tear rates. In contrast, gradient biomimetic scaffolds, by mimicking the continuous gradients of native TBI, offer an effective solution for achieving functional TBI regeneration. This review systematically summarizes the research progress of gradient biomimetic scaffolds for TBI regeneration in recent years. Firstly, we discuss the fine structure, physiological functions of native TBI, and the repair challenges faced after its injury, emphasizing the necessity of reconstructing gradient structures. Subsequently, it focuses on the design principles and core biomimetic strategies of gradient biomimetic scaffolds, discussing in depth the principles of construction and implementation strategies for physical structure gradients (e.g., porosity, fiber orientation, mechanical modulus), chemical composition gradients (e.g., degree of mineralization, polymer/ECM components), and biological signal gradients (e.g., growth factors, genes). Building upon this, this review comprehensively reviews various biomaterials for gradient scaffol...