古基因组揭示约3 600年前青藏高原驯养山羊的遗传历史

作者：Bai Tian-You, 厦门大学生命科学学院, 福建 厦门 361102, 中国, Qiu Ya-Hui, Haifeng He, Wang Hong, Le Tao, Qiu Li-Min, Kongyang Zhu, Yu Xu, Wang Rui, Zheng Jia-Jing, Xiaomin Yang, Qu Shen, Hao Ma, Jing Zhao, Shu Pei-Xian, Chuan‐Chao Wang, 陕西省考古研究院, 陕西 西安 710109, 中国, 北京师范大学地表过程与水土风沙灾害风险防控全国重点实验室, 北京 100875, 中国, 复旦大学法庭科学研究院, 上海 200032, 中国, 复旦大学生命科学学院人类学与人类遗传学系进化生物研究中心, 现代人类学教育部重点实验室, 上海 200433, 中国, 厦门大学人类学研究所福建省哲学社会科学重点实验室, 福建 厦门 361005, 中国, 渭南师范学院环境与生命科学学院, 陕西 渭南 714099, 中国, 中国科学院地球环境研究所黄土科学全国重点实验室, 陕西 西安 710061, 中国, 西安加速器质谱中心陕西省加速器质谱技术及应用重点实验室, 陕西 西安 710061, 中国 · 发表于：动物学研究 · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2025.080 · 被引用次数：1 · 研究领域：Rangeland Management and Livestock Ecology、Animal Diversity and Health Studies

The extreme environment of the Tibetan Plateau necessitates exceptional adaptations for both humans and animals. Domestic goats are vital to the livelihoods of high-altitude herders, yet their historical origins remain elusive. In this study, we generated ancient genomic data from five goat individuals dating back approximately 3,600 years before present (BP) in the Lake Qinghai Basin. After rigorous processing, three samples (with sequencing coverages ranging from 0.152× to 1.45×) were retained for subsequent population genetic analyses. Our findings revealed a strong genetic connection between these ancient Lake Qinghai Basin goats and goats from West Eurasia. In contrast, modern Chinese goats predominantly carry ancestry related to Neolithic Iran. Notably, modern Dazu black goats (Capra hircus) are mainly descended from a lineage associated with the ancient Lake Qinghai Basin goats, exhibiting clear genetic continuity. Additionally, modern Alpas cashmere goats and Tibetan goats derive approximately 4%-8% of their ancestry from the Lake Qinghai Basin-related lineage. These results shed light on the faunal management strategies of early herders and the genetic evolutionary history of Chinese goats.