All‐cause and cause‐specific mortality in people with depression: a large‐scale systematic review and meta‐analysis of relative risk and aggravating or attenuating factors, including antidepressant treatment

作者：Joe Kwun Nam Chan, Marco Solmi, Heidi Ka Ying Lo, Michelle Wai Yan Chan, Li Ling Choo, Eric Tsz Him Lai, Corine Sau Man Wong, Christoph U. Correll, Wing Chung Chang · 发表于：World Psychiatry · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1002/wps.21354 · 被引用次数：38 · 研究领域：Cardiac Health and Mental Health、Treatment of Major Depression、Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies

Depression has been reported to be associated with premature mortality. However, no meta‐analysis has comprehensively examined all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality risk in people with this condition, focusing also on possible aggravating and attenuating factors, including antidepressant treatment. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of cohort studies to synthesize mortality risk estimates associated with depression (major depressive disorder and dysthymia) due to any and specific causes, and when depression is accompanied by comorbid conditions. Effects of antidepressant medication and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and other potential moderators of mortality risk, were evaluated. We searched EMBASE, Medline and PsycINFO databases up to January 26, 2025, pooling mortality estimates using random‐effect models. Publication bias, subgroup and meta‐regression analyses, and quality assessment (Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale) were performed. Across 268 studies, 10,842,094 individuals with depression and 2,837,933,536 control subjects were included. All‐cause mortality was doubled in people with depression versus no depression/general population controls (relative risk, RR=2.10, 95% CI: 1.87‐2.35, I 2 =99.9%), being especially high for suicide (RR=9.89, 95% CI: 7.59‐12.88, I 2 =99.6%), but also elevated for natural causes (RR=1.63, 95% CI: 1.51‐1.75, I 2 =99.6%). Among individuals with versus without depression matched for comorbid conditions, the depression‐associated mo...