APOE4 promotes cerebrovascular fibrosis and amyloid deposition via a pericyte-to-myofibroblast transition

作者：Braxton R. Schuldt, Dominic Haworth-Staines, Andrea Pérez Arévalo, Diede W. M. Broekaart, Liangzhu Wang, George Gallagher, Grace Rabinowitz, Alison Goate, Towfique Raj, Ana C. Pereira, Joel Blanchard · 发表于：bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1101/2025.09.04.674192 · 被引用次数：1 · 研究领域：Cerebrovascular and genetic disorders、Connective Tissue Growth Factor Research、Alzheimer's disease research and treatments

Abstract Cerebrovascular disease is a major but poorly understood feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The strongest genetic AD risk factor, APOE4, is associated with cerebrovascular degeneration, including vascular amyloid deposition and fibrosis. To uncover how APOE4 promotes cerebrovascular pathology, we generated a single-cell transcriptomic atlas of human brain vasculature. In APOE4 carriers, pericyte abundance was significantly reduced and accompanied by the emergence of a myofibroblast-like cell population co-expressing contraction and extracellular matrix genes. Immunostaining confirmed non-vascular myofibroblasts in APOE4 human and mouse brains. We show that APOE4 pericytes transition into myofibroblasts that secrete fibronectin, which promotes vascular amyloid accumulation. Computational and experimental analyses identified elevated TGF-β signaling as the driver of this pericyte-to-myofibroblast transition. Inhibition of TGF-β restored pericyte coverage and reduced vascular fibrosis and amyloid to APOE3 levels, revealing a targetable mechanism linking APOE4 to cerebrovascular pathology in AD. Summary Cerebrovascular disease is a prominent but poorly understood component of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The strongest genetic risk factor for AD, APOE4, is associated with multiple cerebrovascular pathologies, including vascular amyloid accumulation and fibrosis. APOE4 also renders the cerebrovasculature fragile to the point where the only disease-modifying AD therapeutic, ...