Porous Electrochromic Structures: A Review

作者：Xueying Fan, Can Zhang, Shen Wang, S.Y. Ma, Qianfeng Gu, Yao Li, Zhongqiu Tong, Hongbo Xü, Qichun Zhang · 发表于：SmartMat · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1002/smm2.70036 · 被引用次数：21 · 研究领域：Transition Metal Oxide Nanomaterials、Conducting polymers and applications、Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors

ABSTRACT Electrochromic technology has gained significant attention due to its wide applications in smart windows, adjustable optoelectronic devices, and energy storage systems. The strategic incorporation of porous architectures has emerged as a pivotal approach for enhancing electrochromic material performance. This approach effectively addresses critical challenges, including volume expansion mitigation, stability enhancement, and ion transport efficiency optimization, thereby improving both electrical conductivity and response kinetics. This review systematically examines principal strategies and synthesis methodologies for developing porous electrochromic materials. First, nanoparticle‐stacked particulate films demonstrate enhanced electrolyte permeability through their inherent porous configurations, significantly increasing accessible reactive sites. Second, template‐assisted approaches utilizing hard templates (e.g., polystyrene [PS] nanospheres, silica nanospheres) and soft templates (e.g., cetyltrimethylammonium bromide [CTAB], polyethylene glycol [PEG]) enable precise pore size regulation while effectively mitigating structural deformation. Third, coordination modulation strategies involving the length adjustment of organic ligands and the functionalization of metal/organic centers facilitate the fabrication of nanocrystalline mesoporous materials with uniform pore distribution, offering tailored electrochromic optimization pathways. Through in‐depth analysis of th...