Loofah-inspired biomimetic scaffold with triaxial anisotropy for spatiotemporally guided cortical-cancellous bone reconstruction

作者：Shuai Fan, Junlong Zhong, Jiachao Xiong, Fanrong Ai, Honggui Yu, Zhiming Liu, Wen Tan, Qin Wu, Zhenhai Zhou, Jing Yang, Kai Cao · 发表于：Chemical Engineering Journal · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.cej.2025.168180 · 被引用次数：8 · 研究领域：Bone Tissue Engineering Materials、3D Printing in Biomedical Research、Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies

The ideal critical-sized bone repair scaffold should possess not only osteogenic capacity but also achieve integrated reconstruction of the cortical-cancellous bone structure, adaptation of anisotropic mechanical properties, and biomimetic simulation of comprehensive biological functions of natural bone. However, such comprehensively engineered scaffolds remain scarce. Herein, we developed a multifunctional loofah-inspired biomimetic scaffold. Mineralized hydroxyapatite (HAp) coating enhanced osteoconductivity, while embedded magnesium-based metal-organic frameworks/polyvinyl alcohol (Mg-MOFs/PVA) hydrogel reinforced strength and biofunctionality, enabling integrated cortical-cancellous reconstruction. The loofah-derived hierarchical structure comprises a cortical layer with axially aligned Haversian systems and a cancellous layer featuring radially porous trabecular architecture, thereby recapitulating natural cortical-cancellous bone structure and triaxial anisotropic mechanical properties. In vitro and in vivo evaluations demonstrated spatiotemporal guidance of osteogenesis. Initial sustained release of HAp and Mg-MOFs promoted stem cell recruitment. Subsequently, the spatial architecture formed by the scaffold fibers guided their directional migration, enabling three-dimensional cellular infiltration. Coupled immunomodulation-angiogenesis-osteoinduction synergistically accelerated scaffold-templated mineralization and bone formation. Complete cortical coverage and cortica...