Key mechanisms and reactive species in remediation of contaminated soil and water using manganese oxides and their composites: A review

作者：Yiran Zhu, Hua Wang, Lei Wang, Wenyi Xie, Weihao Yuan, Jiaqi Shi, Jing Hua · 发表于：Environmental Technology & Innovation · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.eti.2025.104494 · 被引用次数：5 · 研究领域：Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis、Environmental remediation with nanomaterials、Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal

Against the backdrop of growing soil and water pollution challenges, manganese oxide (Mn x O y ) and their composites have emerged as prominent contamination remediation materials, owing to their natural abundance, favorable surface properties, and remarkable redox activity. Based on literature statistical analysis, research hotspots have shifted from heavy metal adsorption/immobilization to organic pollutant catalytic oxidation, in line with evolving environmental demands and technological advancements. The remediation mechanisms of Mn x O y and its composites follow a "fundamental properties-application mechanisms-reactive species synergy" hierarchy. Four core properties, crystal structures, surface chemistry, stability and composite design, lay the theoretical foundation for this system. These properties further endow the materials with broad adaptability in water and soil remediation. Specifically, they treat heavy metals via chemisorption or valence regulation, and degrade organics through synergy or catalytic oxidation; in soil environments, elevated material surface temperature also serves as an effective approach for organic pollutant degradation. ROS (·OH, O 2 · - , 1 O 2 ) and RMnS (Mn(II), Mn(III), Mn(IV)) synergize via free radical Mn valence cycling". Specifically, Mn(II) promotes pollutant hydrolysis and generates ROS, while Mn(III) and Mn(IV) directly oxidize pollutants. This review provides theoretical foundations for optimizing Mn-based material design and re...