Exploring the determinants of unhealthy dietary behaviors among pregnant women in China using the Theory of Planned Behavior—a cross-sectional study

作者：Yadi Zhang, Xiaoge Gao, Pamela Koch, Xiaxia Cai, Min Gao, Jianying Yue, Yang Sun, Shengzhi Sun, Huanling Yu · 发表于：BMC Public Health · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1186/s12889-025-24357-w · 被引用次数：1 · 研究领域：Gestational Diabetes Research and Management、Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum、Behavioral Health and Interventions

BACKGROUND: Pregnant women in China are at risk of malnutrition due to an interplay of physiological, psychosocial, and environmental factors. Understanding the factors influencing dietary behaviors in pregnant women is vital for promoting maternal and infant health. This study explores the determinants of dietary behaviors among pregnant women in China based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 733 pregnant women recruited from a hospital in Beijing, China, between May 2023 and June 2024. Participants completed a questionnaire to assess dietary patterns and psychosocial factors influencing dietary behaviors. One-way ANOVA analysis was used to test differences among dietary patterns in pregnant women. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the associations between the determinants of the TPB model and dietary behaviors. Decision tree analysis was used to determine cut-off values and assess the importance of determinants affecting dietary behaviors. RESULTS: Factor analysis identified 3 dietary patterns: balanced dietary, unhealthy snacks, and healthy snacks. Multivariate analysis showed that after adjusting for age, education, number of pregnancies, and Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index (Pre-BMI), pregnant women who report higher environmental scores (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.22-1.97) and lower self-efficacy scores (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.05-2.15) are at an increased risk of adopting unhealthy snack patter...