Co-occurrence behaviors of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and heavy metals in the groundwater of dyeing industrial sites in southern China

作者：Kaichun Wu, Yue Cai, Changlin Xu, Guoyi Yang, Hao Zhang, Xiang‐Zhou Meng, J. Lei, Shengwei Zhang · 发表于：Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118925 · 被引用次数：9 · 研究领域：Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research、Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact、Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols

This study investigates the co-occurrence, seasonal variations and environmental control factors of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and potential toxic heavy metals in groundwater at dyeing industrial sites in Foshan, southern China. Unlike earlier studies that focused on PFASs or heavy metals in the abandoned sites, this study represents the first comprehensive assessment of eight long-operating (>15 years) sites. The results revealed substantial contamination of PFASs and heavy metals, the total PFAS (ΣPFASs) concentrations ranged from 67.6-2213 (mean 762) ng L⁻¹ , and Perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) (a short-chain PFAS, C=4) dominated groundwater contamination with 100 % detection frequency, averaging 429 ng L⁻¹ (max: 1862 ng L⁻¹), followed by long-chain PFASs like Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA (C=8) and Perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) (C=7) reached up to 949 ng L⁻¹ and 356 ng L⁻¹ , respectively. PFAS congeners exhibited significant heterogeneity within the sites, as evidenced by a coefficient of variation (CV) generally exceeding 1, indicating a substantial influence from pollution sources within the factories. Potential toxic heavy metals exhibited seasonal variations, with concentrations following the order flood period > dry period > middle period. Among them, arsenic (As, maximum 49.0 μg L⁻¹) and antimony (Sb, maximum 95.6 μg L⁻¹) exceeded China's Class III groundwater quality standards at multiple sites. Hydrological processes drove PFAS mobility, with co...