Effects of Mediterranean diet, exercise, and their combination on body composition and liver outcomes in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

作者：Vicente Artola Arita, Manuel Castro Cabezas, Juliana Alexandra Hernández Vargas, Silvia Juliana Trujillo-Cáceres, Nathalie Mendez Pernicone, Lara Anne Bridge, Hamidreza Raeisi‐Dehkordi, Carmen A. W. Dietvorst, Ruben Dekker, Julieth Pilar Uriza-Pinzón, Mohamed Tawfik, Kirsten A. Berk, Jo Massoels, Stan Driessen, Maarten E. Tushuizen, Adriaan G. Holleboom, Diederick E. Grobbee, Oscar H. Franco, Sara Beigrezaei · 发表于：BMC Medicine · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1186/s12916-025-04320-7 · 被引用次数：28 · 研究领域：Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment、Liver Diseases and Immunity、Liver Disease and Transplantation

BACKGROUND: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality. Lifestyle interventions like the Mediterranean diet (MD) and exercise are recommended for management, but the most effective lifestyle approach remains unclear. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in Embase, MEDLINE via Ovid, Cochrane Central, and Web of Science Core Collection from inception to April 1, 2025, without language restrictions. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults with MASLD or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) assessing the MD and/or exercise interventions on anthropometric measures, liver enzymes, and indices or grades of liver steatosis and fibrosis. The mean difference and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled using a random-effects model. Risk of bias was assessed with ROB-2, and evidence certainty was evaluated using GRADE. RESULTS: , 95% CI = - 1.03 to - 0.36), waist circumference (WC) (WMD = - 1.56 cm, 95% CI - 3.02 to - 0.09), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (WMD = - 3.96 IU/L, 95% CI - 6.54 to - 1.38). Aerobic and combined aerobic-resistance exercises in comparison with the control group reduced body weight (WMD = - 1.56 kg, 95%CI - 2.31 to - 0.82; WMD = - 1.90 kg, 95%CI - 3.59 to - 0.22, respectively). In addition, aerobic exercise significantly decreased WC (WMD = - 2.14 IU/L, 95%CI - 2.87 to - 1.41) and resistance exercise reduced A...