Analyzing Women’s Security in Public Transportation in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Lahore City

作者：Hina Saleemi, Saadia Tabassum, Muhammad Ashraf Javid, Nazam Ali, Giovanni Tesoriere, Tiziana Campisi · 发表于：Safety · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3390/safety11030082 · 被引用次数：4 · 研究领域：Crime Patterns and Interventions、Traffic and Road Safety、HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses

Security concerns regarding women in developing nations are frequently highlighted due to the prevalence of harassment incidents, particularly within public transportation systems. In Pakistan, where women make up half of the population, this issue persists in various forms of harassment, both within local environments and public transportation systems. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the security challenges confronted by women within the public transportation system in the city of Lahore, Pssakistan. To achieve this, a user perception survey was designed to focus on women’s security during travel and relevant socioeconomic factors. The collected responses were analyzed using descriptive analysis and factor analysis methods. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed five latent variables, each encapsulating distinct aspects of women’s security within public transportation environments. Later on, a structural model of comfort of using public transportation at night was developed using the results of the exploratory factor analysis. Our study’s results propose that although many women express feeling safe during their travels, a prominent number have experienced instances of harassment. Generally, issues such as insufficient lighting during night travel and a lack of awareness about harassment come out as primary concerns within Lahore’s currently operated public transport. The structural model results revealed that the latent variables of harassment, harassment reac...