Confinement-Induced In Situ Cl – /Cl 2 Conversion in a Cathode Enables a Lean Electrolyte Sodium-Chlorine Battery

作者：Chenyu Ma, Xinru We, Wenting Feng, Guanzhong Ma, Jianhang Yang, Shuhao Fan, Yiming Sun, Han Wang, Zihui Liu, Junwei Han, Wei Lv, Debin Kong, Linjie Zhi · 发表于：ACS Nano · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1021/acsnano.5c10334 · 被引用次数：7 · 研究领域：Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies、Advancements in Battery Materials、Advanced battery technologies research

Rechargeable metal–chlorine (Li/Na–Cl 2 ) batteries potentially have a high energy density, but the significant amount of electrolyte consumed to produce active metal chlorides for reversible chlorine conversion severely limits their real electrochemical performance. Herein, we use a cathode with precast metal chloride in the graphene layers as the initial active material to save the sacrificial electrolyte and deliver a fundamentally different start-up operation mode for metal–chlorine batteries. Furthermore, the metal chloride confined by the graphene layers achieves in situ confining conversion with gaseous chlorine during long cycling, causing substantially improved cathode kinetics in a lean electrolyte. With this cathode, both Li/Na–Cl 2 batteries demonstrate higher capacity and prolonged cycling performance. Typically, the obtained Na–Cl 2 batteries could deliver a high areal capacity (3 mAh cm –2 ) and stable life over 300 cycles under lean electrolyte conditions (20–60 μL). This work demonstrates the practical significance of utilizing a graphene interlayer to confine metal chloride as an initial active material for rechargeable alkali-metal-Cl 2 batteries.