Ecosystem Services in Northeast China’s Cold Region: A Comprehensive Review of Patterns, Drivers, and Policy Responses

作者：Xiaomeng Guo, Chuang Yang, Zilong Wang, Li Wang · 发表于：Sustainability · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3390/su17167352 · 被引用次数：2 · 研究领域：Land Use and Ecosystem Services、Environmental Changes in China、Rangeland Management and Livestock Ecology

As a typical cold region, Northeast China is characterized by its unique climate, hydrological conditions, and land systems, which collectively shape the diversity and complexity of regional ecosystem services (ESs). This review systematically examines research on ESs in Northeast China from 1997 to 2025, with particular emphasis on recent advances in service classification and spatiotemporal patterns, trade-offs and synergies among ESs, the identification of driving mechanisms, regulatory pathways, and policy effectiveness. The findings reveal obvious spatial heterogeneity and distinct stage-wise changing patterns in ESs across the region, with particularly pronounced trade-offs between food production and regulating services. The primary driving factors are concentrated in natural and human activities dimensions, whereas region-specific variables and policy-related drivers remain underexplored. Current research predominantly employs methods such as correlation analysis and geographically weighted regression; however, the capacity to uncover causal mechanisms and nonlinear interactions remains limited. Future research should strengthen the simulation of ecological processes in cold regions, improve the balance between ES supply and demand, improve policy scenario assessments, and develop dynamic feedback mechanisms. Compared with previous studies focusing on single services or regions, this review provides a multidimensional perspective by synthesizing multiple ES categories...