Engineering hydrogel-based conformal epidermal electrodes for human-machine interaction

作者：Mingxuan Xiao, Xin Zhang, Yibing Luo, Ruijie Xie, Kai Tao, Jin Wu · 发表于：Soft Science · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.20517/ss.2025.51 · 被引用次数：8 · 研究领域：Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials、Neuroscience and Neural Engineering、Tactile and Sensory Interactions

Hydrogels, with their skin-like physicochemical properties, offer great potential as flexible electrodes for electrophysiological interfaces and high-quality biosignal acquisition in human-machine interaction systems. However, traditional hydrogel electrodes often face issues such as mechanical mismatch with skin, low electrical conductivity, and poor adhesion, which hinder stable biosignal acquisition with high signal-to-noise ratio. To address these challenges, optimizing conductivity, compliance, and adhesion is crucial. This perspective reviews recent advancements in hydrogel electrode optimization, materials design, interface engineering, human-machine interaction applications, and future directions for hydrogel-based biointerfaces.