Propolis-Functionalized Biomaterials for Wound Healing: A Systematic Review with Emphasis on Polysaccharide-Based Platforms

作者：Lydia Paulina Loya-Hernández, Carlos Arzate-Quintana, Alva Rocío Castillo-González, Javier Camarillo‐Cisneros, César I. Romo-Sáenz, María Alejandra Favila-Pérez, Celia María Quiñonez-Flores · 发表于：Polysaccharides · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3390/polysaccharides6030074 · 被引用次数：13 · 研究领域：Wound Healing and Treatments、Bee Products Chemical Analysis、Microencapsulation and Drying Processes

Wound healing is a complex process, and propolis, a natural resin with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, emerges as a promising candidate for its treatment. This systematic review analyzed 26 studies on propolis-functionalized biomaterials. Great diversity was observed in materials and incorporation techniques, including direct blending, surface coating, and nanoencapsulation. Mostly based on polysaccharides like chitosan, pectin, and bacterial cellulose, these formulations showed biocompatibility, biodegradability, and promoted inflammation reduction and tissue repair. In vitro assays confirmed high biocompatibility (>80% cell viability) and antimicrobial activity, while in vivo studies validated regenerative benefits. Despite their potential, marked heterogeneity in propolis composition (intrinsically variable due to its botanical and geographical origin, and processing methods), coupled with diverse concentrations used and the lack of standardization in assessment methods and results reporting, significantly limits cross-study comparability and reproducibility. Overcoming these challenges requires promoting greater standardization in extraction, characterization, and evaluation protocols, including chemical fingerprinting and more detailed and consistent reporting of findings. Despite these limitations, propolis–polysaccharide systems hold strong clinical potential, with further standardization and well-designed preclinical studies being essenti...