GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Cancer Risk in Adults With Obesity

作者：Hao Dai, Yongqiu Li, Yao An Lee, Ying Lü, Thomas J. George, William T. Donahoo, Kelvin P. Lee, Harikrishna Nakshatri, John M. Allen, Yi Guo, Ramon C. Sun, Jingchuan Guo, Jiang Bian · 发表于：JAMA Oncology · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1001/jamaoncol.2025.2681 · 被引用次数：79 · 研究领域：Diabetes Treatment and Management、Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer、Bariatric Surgery and Outcomes

Importance: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are widely prescribed for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes and have recently gained popularity for weight management. However, their long-term impact on cancer risk remains uncertain. Understanding this association is crucial for patient safety. Objective: To compare the incidence of 14 cancers among adults with obesity prescribed GLP-1RAs vs nonusers. Design, Setting, and Participants: This retrospective cohort study followed a target trial emulation design using 2014 to 2024 electronic health record data from OneFlorida+, a multicenter health research network that integrates real-world clinical data from diverse health care settings. Adults 18 years or older eligible for antiobesity medications without prior cancer history were included. Participants were categorized as GLP-1RA users or nonusers, matched 1:1 using propensity scores. Exposure: Individuals taking vs not taking GLP-1RAs. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcomes were the incidence of 14 cancer types, including 13 obesity-associated cancers (liver, thyroid, pancreatic, bladder, colorectal, kidney, breast, endometrial, meningioma, upper gastrointestinal, ovarian, multiple myeloma, and prostate) and lung cancer. Results: A total of 86 632 matched adults (mean [SD] age, 52.4 [14.5] years; 68.2% female) were included, comprising 43 317 GLP-1RA users and 43 315 otherwise eligible nonusers. The incidence rates of the 14 cancers were 13.6 vs 16...