Multi-omics approaches reveal the mechanisms underlying the interaction between cyst fluid of Echinococcus granulosus and host immune cells

作者：Rongdong He, Ruofeng Yan, Yuanchun Shi, Aili Aierken, Xue Zhang, Hao Wen, Kalibixiati Aimulajiang · 发表于：Frontiers in Immunology · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3389/fimmu.2025.1598028 · 被引用次数：3 · 研究领域：Parasitic infections in humans and animals、Echinoderm biology and ecology、Amoebic Infections and Treatments

Background Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid (EgCF) is a complex mixture of parasite’s containing a variety of antigens. Th9 cells are a newly reported subpopulation of Th cells whose primary function is to secrete IL-9 and exert biological effects. Research on whether antigens in the vesicle fluid can evade the host immune response by increasing IL-9 secretion is limited. Methods The effects of EgCF on lymphocyte function in mice were evaluated using CCK-8 and flow cytometry for apoptosis. The effect of EgCF on CD4 + IL-9 + T cell differentiation was reflected by flow cytometry. The expression of TGF-β, IL-4, PU.1, IRF4 and IL-9 was detected by WB, qRT-PCR and ELISA under the influence of varying concentrations of EgCF. Analysis of differential metabolites and genes in mouse splenic lymphocytes was stimulated by EgCF using metabolomics and transcriptomics. Results Different concentrations of EgCF stimulated lymphocytes, promoted cell proliferation and apoptosis, facilitated the differentiation of CD3 + T cells and CD4 + IL-9 + T cells in splenic lymphocytes, and inhibited the differentiation of CD4 + T cells. It regulated the host immune response by up-regulating Th9 cell-associated cytokines such as IL-4, TGF-β, IL-9 and related transcription factors PU.1 and IRF4. Metabolomic analysis identified 221 differential metabolites, 12 up-regulated and 11 down-regulated. These metabolites were primarily enriched in metabolic pathways such as beta-Alanine metabolism and Pyrimidine...