Role of the microbiota in inflammation-related related psychiatric disorders

作者：Liying Zhou, Qing Wu, Lin Jiang, Jiaoyu Rao, Jianlin Gao, Fangqing Zhao, Xiaokang Wang · 发表于：Frontiers in Immunology · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3389/fimmu.2025.1613027 · 被引用次数：23 · 研究领域：Gut microbiota and health、Tryptophan and brain disorders、Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior

The immune interactions within the gut–brain axis represent a critical etiological factor in psychiatric disorders. The gut microbiota and their metabolites serve as biological mediators that regulate neuroimmune activation and suppression in the central nervous system (CNS). During intestinal immune activation, pro-inflammatory cytokines ( e.g. , IL-6, TNF-α) propagate to the CNS via compromised blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity or vagal afferent fibers, disrupting neurotransmitter metabolism and inducing microglial hyperactivation, thereby exacerbating neuroinflammation. Microglia, the principal immune sentinels of the CNS, adopt a pro-inflammatory phenotype upon peripheral inflammatory signaling characterized by morphological transformations, excessive chemokine/cytokine production ( e.g. , IL-1β, IL-6), and dysregulated neurotransmitter dynamics. These mechanisms are strongly implicated in neuropsychiatric conditions such as major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, autism spectrum disorder, and schizophrenia. Emerging microbiota-targeted therapies, including probiotic interventions and fecal microbiota transplantation, demonstrate therapeutic potential by restoring tryptophan homeostasis and modulating systemic inflammation. This review synthesizes current evidence on the regulatory role of the gut microbiota in inflammation-related psychiatric disorders, specifically emphasizing the microbial modulation of neuroimmune crosstalk and neurotransmitter synthesis ( e.g...