The genetic history of Portugal over the past 5,000 years

作者：Xavier Roca‐Rada, Roberta Davidson, Matthew P. Williams, Vanessa Villalba‐Mouco, António Faustino Carvalho, Shyamsundar Ravishankar, Evelyn Collen, Christian Haarkötter, Leonard Taufik, Daniel R. Cuesta‐Aguirre, Catarina Tente, Álvaro M. Monge Calleja, Rebecca Anne MacRoberts, Linda Melo, Gludhug A. Purnomo, Yassine Souilmi, Raymond Tobler, Eugénia Cunha, Sofia Tereso, Vítor Matos, Teresa Fernandes, Anne‐France Maurer, Ana María Silva, Pedro C. Carvalho, Bastien Llamas, João C. Teixeira · 发表于：Genome biology · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1186/s13059-025-03707-2 · 被引用次数：6 · 研究领域：Forensic and Genetic Research、Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies、Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology

BACKGROUND: Recent ancient DNA studies uncovering large-scale demographic events in Iberia have presented very limited data for Portugal, a country located at the westernmost edge of continental Eurasia. Here, we present the most comprehensive collection of Portuguese ancient genome-wide data, from 67 individuals spanning 5000 years of human history, from the Neolithic to the nineteenth century. RESULTS: We identify early admixture between local hunter-gatherers and Anatolian-related farmers in Neolithic Portugal, with a northeastern-southwestern gradient of increasing Magdalenian-associated ancestry persistence in Iberia. This profile continues into the Chalcolithic, though Bell Beaker-associated sites reveal Portugal's first evidence of Steppe-related ancestry. Such ancestry has a broader demographic impact during the Bronze Age, despite continuity of local Chalcolithic genetic ancestry and limited Mediterranean connections. The village of Idanha-a-Velha emerges in the Roman period as a site of significant migration and interaction, presenting a notably diverse genetic profile that includes North African and Eastern Mediterranean ancestries. The Early Medieval period is marked by the arrival of Central European genetic diversity, likely linked to migrations of Germanic tribes, adding to coeval local, African, and Mediterranean influences. The Islamic and Christian Conquest periods show strong genetic continuity in northern Portugal and significant additional African admixtu...