Comparative analysis of patient-derived organoids and patient-derived xenografts as avatar models for predicting response to anti-cancer therapy

作者：Joan Miguel Romero, Jamie Magrill, Nikita Kalashnikov, Michael Luo, Owen J. Chen, Sandrine Busque, Rong Ma, Aline Atallah, Anna-Maria Lazaratos, Daniel Mendelson, Liam Wilson, Shriya Deshmukh, Tarek Taifour, Mark Sorin, Isabella Arthur, Hellen Kuasne, Jeremy Y. Levett, Yifan Wang, Thomas Seufferlein, Alexander Kleger, Johann Gout, Alica K. Michels, James Brugarolas, Zachry S Poshusta, Tara L. Hogenson, Martín E. Fernández-Zapico, Akinobu Hamada, Shigehiro Yagishita, Kushtrim Kryeziu, Ragnhild A. Lothe, Anthony Nichols, John W. Barrett, Federica Papaccio, Josefa Castillo, Masahiro Inoue, Thierry Massfelder, Hervé Lang, Véronique Lindner, Jonas A. Nilsson, Zahra Dantes, Hanna Seppanen, Gabrielle A. Wells, Sung Han Kim, Michael Ittmann, Hugo Villanueva, Seth P. Lerner, Andrew G. Sikora, Charles Theillet, Daniel Q. Huang, Dong-Anh Khuong-Quang, Jonathan Yeung, Morag Park, Peter M. Siegel, Ian R. Watson, George Zogopoulos, April A. N. Rose, Matthew Dankner · 发表于：Cancer Treatment Reviews · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.1016/j.ctrv.2026.103190 · 被引用次数：1 · 研究领域：Cancer Cells and Metastasis、Cancer, Stress, Anesthesia, and Immune Response

Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and patient-derived organoids (PDO) are widely used to model cancer and predict treatment response in matched patients. However, their predictive accuracy has not been systematically studied nor compared. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies using PDX or PDO from solid tumors treated with identical anti-cancer agents as the matched patient, identifying 411 patient-model pairs (267 PDX, 144 PDO). Overall concordance in treatment response between patients and matched models was 70%, with no significant differences between PDX and PDO. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value were also comparable. Patients whose matched PDO responded to therapy had prolonged progression-free survival. For PDX, this association held only when analyses were restricted to patient-model pairs with low risk of bias after applying a bias assessment metric. Together, these findings suggest that in some contexts, PDO perform similarly to PDX in predicting matched-patient response while potentially offering lower financial and ethical burdens. Given that both platforms have distinct strengths and weaknesses, they continue to serve complementary roles in translational cancer research. Additional prospective studies will be required before definitive recommendations can be made.